Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/jḗˀgāˀ

This Proto-Balto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Balto-Slavic

Etymology

Related to *jḗˀgtei (“to be able”) +‎ *-āˀ, probably akin to Ancient Greek ἥβη (hḗbē, “youth, vigour”) (from Proto-Indo-European *yegʷ- / *Hyeh₂gʷ-?). Per Nikolaev (cited by Villanueva Svensson), possibly an example of Narten acrostatic noun[1].

Within Slavic, comparison has been drawn to Russian я́глый (jáglyj, “vigorous, energetic”) (of disputed origin).

Noun

*jḗˀgāˀ f[2]

capacity, power

Declension

Declension of *jḗˀgāˀ (ā-stem, fixed accent)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*jḗˀgāˀ	*jḗˀgāiˀ	*jḗˀgās
Accusative	*jḗˀgā⁽ˀ⁾n	*jḗˀgāiˀ	*jḗˀgā⁽ˀ⁾ns
Genitive	*jḗˀgā⁽ˀ⁾s	*jḗˀgāu⁽ˀ⁾	*jḗˀgōn
Locative	*jḗˀgāiˀ	*jḗˀgāu⁽ˀ⁾	*jḗˀgā⁽ˀ⁾su
Dative	*jḗˀgāi	*jḗˀgā⁽ˀ⁾mā⁽ˀ⁾	*jḗˀgā⁽ˀ⁾mas
Instrumental	*jḗˀgāˀn	*jḗˀgā⁽ˀ⁾māˀ	*jḗˀgā⁽ˀ⁾mīˀs
Vocative	*jḗˀga	*jḗˀgāiˀ	*jḗˀgās

Descendants

East Baltic:
- Latvian: jȩ̃ga (“sense, meaning”)
- Lithuanian: jėgà (“strenght”) (stress pattern 2 or 4)

References

Villanueva Svensson, Miguel (2011), “Indo-European long vowels in Balto-Slavic”, in Baltistica XLVI‎, pages 16: “Proto-Baltic immobile noun with acute intonation”
Derksen, Rick (2015), “jėga”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 210