Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/gīˀwás

This Proto-Balto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Balto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós.

Adjective

*gīˀwás[1][2][3]

alive

Reconstruction notes

According to Dybo, the diphthongization of the vowel *ī in Prussian language occurred in a stressed syllable under the acute accent examining the form geijwas.[4] It is possible that the Prussian form indicates that Hirt's law was in effect. Kortlandt considers the combination -eij- an exception and a printer's error.[5]

Inflection

Mobile accent.

Descendants

East Baltic:
- Latgalian: dzeivs
- Latvian: dzîvs
- Lithuanian: gývas
West Baltic:
- Old Prussian: geijwas
- Sudovian: gīwas
Proto-Slavic: *žȋvъ (see there for further descendants)

References

Kim, Ronald (2018), “The Phonology of Balto-Slavic”, in Jared S. Klein, Brian Joseph, and Matthias Fritz, editors, Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook of Language Comparison and the Reconstruction of Indo-European‎, Berlin: de Gruyter
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žȋvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 564: “*gʔiwós”
Derksen, Rick (2015), “gyvas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 179: “*gʔiwós”
Dybo, Vladimir A. (2011), “Sistema aktsentnykh paradigm v prusskom glagole [The system of accentual paradigms in the Prussian verb]”, in Tijmen Pronk; Rick Derksen, editors, Accent Matters. Papers on Balto-Slavic accentology‎ (in Russian), volume 37, Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi, pages 87-88
Kortlandt, Frederik H. H. (2001), “Diphthongization and monophthongization in Old Prussian”, in Res Balticae‎ (in English), volume 7, Leiden, page 58

[1] Kim, Ronald (2018), “The Phonology of Balto-Slavic”, in Jared S. Klein, Brian Joseph, and Matthias Fritz, editors, Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook of Language Comparison and the Reconstruction of Indo-European‎, Berlin: de Gruyter

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žȋvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 564: “*gʔiwós”

[3] Derksen, Rick (2015), “gyvas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 179: “*gʔiwós”

[4] Dybo, Vladimir A. (2011), “Sistema aktsentnykh paradigm v prusskom glagole [The system of accentual paradigms in the Prussian verb]”, in Tijmen Pronk; Rick Derksen, editors, Accent Matters. Papers on Balto-Slavic accentology‎ (in Russian), volume 37, Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi, pages 87-88

[5] Kortlandt, Frederik H. H. (2001), “Diphthongization and monophthongization in Old Prussian”, in Res Balticae‎ (in English), volume 7, Leiden, page 58