Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/walu

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

**Proto-Austronesian cardinal numbers**
< 7	8	9 >
Cardinal : *walu

Etymology

Any etymology beyond this reconstructed form is controversial. Sagart (2004) considers it to have arisen after Proto-Austronesian proper, and relates it to Kulon-Pazeh xasebatulu (literally “five and three”), but Winter (2010) rejects this on phonological and historical grounds.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /walu/

Numeral

*walu

eight

Descendants

East Formosan:
- Kavalan: uwalu
Malayo-Polynesian: *walu
- Borneo-Philippines:
  - East Barito:
    - Malagasy: valo
  - Philippine:
    - Aklanon: waeo
    - Asi: wayo
    - Bikol Central: walo
    - Bolinao: walo
    - Botolan Sambal: walo
    - Brooke's Point Palawano: walu
    - Cebuano: walo
    - Cuyunon: walo
    - Dupaningan Agta: walu
    - Hiligaynon: walo
    - Ibanag: walu
    - Ilocano: walo
    - Kalamian:
      - Agutaynen: walo
    - Limos Kalinga: walu
    - Maguindanao: walu
    - Tagakaulu Kalagan: walu
    - Tagalog: walo
    - Waray-Waray: walo
    - Yami: awao
  - Sama-Bajaw:
    - West Coast Bajau: wau'
- Celebic:
  - Lindu: uwalu
- Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
    - Oceanic:
      - Central-Eastern Oceanic:
        Fijian: walu
        Polynesian: *walu
        Niuean: valu
        Nuclear Polynesian:
        Anuta: varu
        Eastern Polynesian:
        Hawaiian: walu
        Maori: waru
        Rapa Nui: va'u (archaic form varu)
        Rarotongan: varu
        South Marquesan: va'u
        Tahitian: vaʻu
        Samoan: valu
        Tuvaluan: valu
        Tongan: valu
        Rotuman: vạlu
  - Timor-Babar:
    - Tetum: ualu
- Sunda-Sulawesi:
  - Javanese: ꦮꦺꦴꦭꦸ (wolu)
  - Kaili-Pamona:
    - Uma: walu
  - Malayo-Sumbawan:
    - Madurese: ꦧꦭ꧀ꦭꦸꦃ
    - Malayo-Chamic:
      - Malayic: *walu
        Banjarese: walu

References

Sagart, Laurent. 2004. "The higher phylogeny of Austronesian and the position of Tai-Kadai." Oceanic Linguistics 43, 2:411–444.
Winter, Bodo. 2010. "A note on the higher phylogeny of Austronesian." Oceanic Linguistics 49, 1:282–287.