Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/qabu

This Proto-Austronesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austronesian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔabu/, /qabu/

Noun

*qabu

ash (solid remains of a fire)

Descendants

Proto-Atayalic: *qabu-lid
- Atayal Proper
  - Squliq Atayal: qβuliʔ, qbuliʔ
  - Ci'uli Atayal: ʔabulit
    - Skikun Atayal: qβuliʔ
    - Mayrinax Atayal: qaßuliʔ
- Seediq
  - Toda Taroko: qbulic
  - Truku Taroko: qbulic
  - Paran Taroko: qbulic
  - Hecuo Taroko: ʡbulic
Bunun
- Isbukun: habuʔ
  - North-Central Bunun
    - Northern Bunun
      - Takituduh: qabuʔ
    - Central Bunun
      - Takbanuaz: qabuʔ
East Formosan
- Kavalanic
  - Kavalan: yibúʔ, ʔi:búʔ
  - Ketagalanic
    - Eastern Ketagalanic
      - Basay: abu
- Ami
  - Amis Proper
    - Fatang: ʡavuʔ
  - Central Amis: ʕafo, lafuh
  - Nataoran:
    - Sakizaya: ʡabuʔ
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *(q)abu(s)
- Central Malayo-Polynesian: *(q)abu(s)
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *qabu
  - Halmahera-Cenderawasih: *qabu
    - Cenderawasih
      - Bedoanas–Erokwanas
        Arguni: avuʔne
      - Mor (Austronesian): ʔaho
      - Yapen-Waropen
        Waropen: awu
        Yapen
        Central-Western
        Windesi Wandamen: wʔabu
    - Halmahera Sea
      - South Halmahera
        Kuri-Irarutu
        Irarutu: ɔbə? (smoke)
        East Makian-Gane
        East Makian: yapyap? (through reduplication?)
        Buli Languages
        Buli (Indonesia): áp
  - Proto-Oceanic: *qapu
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic
      - Polynesian
        Nuclear Polynesian
        Ellicean – Eastern Polynesian
        Tuvalu – Eastern Polynesian
        Eastern Polynesian – Northern Outlier
        Eastern Polynesian
        Rapa Nui: ikuvera
- North Bornean
  - Proto-North Sarawak: *abu
    - Berawan-Lower Baram
      - Lower Baram
        Kiput-Belait
        Kiput: abew
        Belait: abeow
    - Kenyah
      - Bakung: abu
    - Apo Duat
      - Kelabit: abuh
      - Lun Bawang: abuh
    - Bintulu: avew
- Proto-Philippine: *qabu
  - Greater Central Philippine
    - Central Philippine
      - Tagalog: abo
      - Visayan
        Cebuano: abu
  - Minahasan: *abu
  - Northern Philippine
    - Central Luzon
      - Kapampangan: abu
    - Northern Luzon
      - Northern Cordilleran
        Dumagat
        Casiguran Dumagat Agta: abu
  - Sangiric: *abu
- Chamorro: apu
- Old Javanese
  - Javanese: awu
- Malayo-Sumbawan: *(h)abu(s)
  - Malayo-Chamic: *(h)abu(s)
    - Proto-Malayic: *(h)abu(s)
      - Malayan
        Malay: abu / ابو‎
        Indonesian: abu
- South Sulawesi: *a(b)u
Northwest Formosan
- Saisiyat: ʔæboʔ
- Kulon-Pazeh: ʔab̂uʔ
Proto-Rukai: *abo
- Mantauran: avo
- Maga-Tona
  - Maga: abuu
  - Tona: abo
- Budai-Tanan
  - Budai: ʔábuʔ
  - Tanan: abo
Paiwan
- Kulalao Paiwan: qavu
- Stimul Paiwan: ʔavu
Puyuma: *ʔabu
- Nanwang: abu
- Puyuma
  - Chihpen Puyuma: aabu, q̂avuʔ
  - Pilam Puyuma: ʔabu
  - Pinlang Puyuma: ɦaβu
Western Plains
- Thao: qafu
- Central Western Plains
  - Favorlang: abo
    - Babuza: abo
  - Papora-Hoanya
    - Papora: yabu
Tsouic
- Tsou: fúu
- Southern Tsouic
  - Kanakanabu: abu, ʔaavu
  - Saaroa: ʔaboʔo, ʔavuʔu

External links

Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *qabu