Reconstruction:Old Persian/jamānā

This Old Persian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Old Persian

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *ǰámaHnaH.

Noun

*jamānā[1][2]

time
hour

Descendants

Middle Persian: (/zamān/)
Manichaean: 𐫉𐫗𐫀𐫗‎ (znʾn)
Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ẕnʾn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (znn')
Inscriptional Pahlavi: [Inscriptional Pahlavi needed] (ʿDNʾ)
- Persian: زمان‎ (zamân)
  - → Azerbaijani: zaman
  - → Bashkir: заман (zaman)
  - → Gilaki: [script needed] (zəmån)
  - → Kazakh: заман (zaman)
  - → Kermanic:
    Qohrudi: zamān
  - → Central Kurdish: زه‌مان‎ (zeman)
  - → Kyrgyz: заман (zaman)
  - → Malay: زمان‎ / zaman
  - → Ossetian: за́ман (záman)
  - → Pashto: زمانه‎ (zamâna)
  - → Ottoman Turkish: زمان‎ (zaman)
    - → Turkish: zaman
    - → Albanian: zaman
    - → Serbo-Croatian: заман
  - → Tatar: заман (zaman)
→ Akkadian: 𒋛𒈠𒉡 (simānu)[3]
→ Imperial Aramaic: 𐡆𐡌𐡍𐡀‎ (zmnʾ)[2][4] (see there for further descendants)

References

Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017) Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 68: “OP *jamāna- > MP zamān”
Hinz, Walther (1975) , “*jamāna-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 142
contra Kaufman, Stephen A. (1974) The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic (The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago Assyriological Studies; 19)‎, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, pages 91–92, the chronology still allows this, and an isolated Old Babylonian discovery for otherwise late occurrence shapes an exception that proves the rule.
Panaino, Antonio (2017) , “The Origins of Middle Persian Zamān and Related Words: A Controversial Etymological History”, in Iran & the Caucasus‎, volume 21, issue 2, Leiden: Brill, DOI:10.1163/1573384X-20170204, pages 150–195

[1] Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017) Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 68: “OP *jamāna- > MP zamān”

[Hinz-2] Hinz, Walther (1975) , “*jamāna-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 142

[3] tra Kaufman, Stephen A. (1974) The Akkadian Influences on Aramaic (The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago Assyriological Studies; 19)‎, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, pages 91–92, the chronology still allows this, and an isolated Old Babylonian discovery for otherwise late occurrence shapes an exception that proves the rule.

[4] Panaino, Antonio (2017) , “The Origins of Middle Persian Zamān and Related Words: A Controversial Etymological History”, in Iran & the Caucasus‎, volume 21, issue 2, Leiden: Brill, DOI:10.1163/1573384X-20170204, pages 150–195