< Reconstruction:Latin
Reconstruction:Latin/tripalio
 | This Latin entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Latin
Etymology
A verb based on Late Latin trepālium (“a torture instrument made up of three stakes”) from tripālis (“having three stakes”) + -ium, from Proto-Italic *trēs + *pākslos from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂ǵ-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Proto-Italo-Western Romance) /treˈpaʎʎo/, /traˈpaʎʎo/
Verb
*tripaliō (present infinitive *tripaliāre, perfect active *tripaliāvī, supine *tripaliātum); first conjugation
- I torture, cause to suffer.
- (by extension) I suffer, toil.
Conjugation
Italo-Western Romance conjugation of *tripaliō
| infinitive | *trẹpaliárę | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | *trẹpaliántẹs | ||||||
| gerund | *trẹpaliándọ | ||||||
| past participle | *trẹpaliátọ | ||||||
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| simple tenses | present | *trẹpáliọ | *trẹpálias | *trẹpáliat | *trẹpaliámọs | *trẹpaliátẹs | *trẹpáliant |
| imperfect | *trẹpaliávã | *trẹpaliávas | *trẹpaliávat | *trẹpaliavámọs | *trẹpaliavátẹs | *trẹpaliávant | |
| perfect | *trẹpaliái | *trẹpaliásti | *trẹpalẹáút | *trẹpaliámmọs | *trẹpaliástẹs | *trẹpaliárọnt | |
| pluperfect | *trẹpaliárã | *trẹpaliáras | *trẹpaliárat | *trẹpaliarámọs | *trẹpaliarátẹs | *trẹpaliárant | |
| future perfect | *trẹpaliárẽ | *trẹpaliárẹs | *trẹpaliárẹt | *trẹpaliárẹmọs | *trẹpaliárẹtẹs | *trẹpaliárẹnt | |
| future | *trẹpaliárę áviọ | *trẹpaliárę ávẹs | *trẹpaliárę ávęt | *trẹpaliárę avẹ́mọs | *trẹpaliárę avẹ́tẹs | *trẹpaliárę ávęnt | |
| compound tenses | perfect | *áviọ trẹpaliátọ | *ávẹs trẹpaliátọ | *ávęt trẹpaliátọ | *avẹ́mọs trẹpaliátọ | *avẹ́tẹs trẹpaliátọ | *ávęnt trẹpaliátọ |
| pluperfect | *avẹ́vã trẹpaliátọ | *avẹ́vas trẹpaliátọ | *avẹ́vat trẹpaliátọ | *avẹvámọ trẹpaliátọ | *avẹvátẹs trẹpaliátọ | *avẹ́vant trẹpaliátọ | |
| future perfect | *avẹ́rę áviọ trẹpaliátọ | *avẹ́rę ávẹs trẹpaliátọ | *avẹ́rę ávęt trẹpaliátọ | *avẹ́rę avẹ́mọs trẹpaliátọ | *avẹ́rę avẹ́tẹs trẹpaliátọ | *avẹ́rę ávęnt trẹpaliátọ | |
| conditional | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| present | *trẹpaliárę avẹ́vã | *trẹpaliárę avẹ́vas | *trẹpaliárę avẹ́vat | *trẹpaliárę avẹvámọs | *trẹpaliárę avẹvátẹs | *trẹpaliárę avẹ́vant | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| present | *trẹpálẹẽ | *trẹpálẹẹs | *trẹpálẹęt | *trẹpalẹẹ́mọs | *trẹpalẹẹ́tẹs | *trẹpálẹęnt | |
| imperfect | *trẹpaliárẽ | *trẹpaliárẹs | *trẹpaliáręt | *trẹpaliarẹ́mọs | *trẹpaliarẹ́tẹs | *trẹpaliáręnt | |
| pluperfect | *trẹpaliássẽ | *trẹpaliássẹs | *trẹpaliássęt | *trẹpaliassẹ́mọs | *trẹpaliassẹ́tẹs | *trẹpaliássęnt | |
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| — | second | — | — | second | — | ||
| present | — | *trẹpália | — | — | *trẹpaliátę | — | |
Descendants
- Italo-Romance:
- Corsican: travaddà, travaglià
- Neapolitan: travaglià
- Sicilian: travagghiari (or from *trabaclāre)
- Gallo-Italic:
- Piedmontese: travajé
- Ligurian: travagià, travajà
- Venetian: travajar
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: travalyer, travalyir
- Old French: traveillier, travailler
- → Middle English: travaillen, travelen
- English: travail, travel
- Middle French: traveillier, travaillier, travailler
- French: travailler
- Haitian Creole: travay
- → Danish: travaillere
- → Italian: travagliare
- French: travailler
- Lorrain: traiveiller
- Norman: travaillier
- Guernsey: travaillier
- Jersey: travailli
- Walloon: travayî
- → Middle English: travaillen, travelen
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Aragonese: treballar, triballar, troballar, traballar
- Catalan: treballar, traballar
- → Sardinian: traballai
- Occitan: trabalhar, tribalhar (Gascon)
- Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: trabayar, trabachar
- Old Portuguese: traballar
- Galician: traballar
- Portuguese: trabalhar
- Spanish: trabajar