< Reconstruction:Gothic
Reconstruction:Gothic/๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ฝ
 | This Gothic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Gothic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *bruzdลnฤ (โto prick, embroiderโ), from Proto-Indo-European *bสฐrฬฅs-dสฐ- (โto prickโ). Cognate with Old Saxon brordลn, Old High German brortลn (โto embroider, decorateโ).
Verb
*๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ฝ โข (*bruzdลn)
- to embroider
Conjugation
| Class 2 weak | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ฝ *bruzdลn | |||
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive | |
| 1st singular | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐ *bruzdล | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ฐ *bruzdลda | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ฐ *bruzdลda | |
| 2nd singular | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ *bruzdลs | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ *bruzdลdฤs | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ถ๐ฐ *bruzdลza | |
| 3rd singular | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ธ *bruzdลรพ | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ฐ *bruzdลda | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ฐ *bruzdลda | |
| 1st dual | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ *bruzdลs | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ฟ *bruzdลdฤdu | โ | |
| 2nd dual | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐๐ *bruzdลts | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ฟ๐๐ *bruzdลdฤduts | โ | |
| 1st plural | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ผ *bruzdลm | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ฟ๐ผ *bruzdลdฤdum | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ *bruzdลnda | |
| 2nd plural | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ธ *bruzdลรพ | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ฟ๐ธ *bruzdลdฤduรพ | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ *bruzdลnda | |
| 3rd plural | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ฝ๐ณ *bruzdลnd | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ฟ๐ฝ *bruzdลdฤdun | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ *bruzdลnda | |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive | |
| 1st singular | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐ *bruzdล | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐พ๐ฐ๐ฟ *bruzdลdฤdjau | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฟ *bruzdลdau | |
| 2nd singular | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ *bruzdลs | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ด๐น๐ *bruzdลdฤdeis | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฟ *bruzdลzau | |
| 3rd singular | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐ *bruzdล | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐น *bruzdลdฤdi | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฟ *bruzdลdau | |
| 1st dual | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐
๐ฐ *bruzdลwa | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ด๐น๐
๐ฐ *bruzdลdฤdeiwa | โ | |
| 2nd dual | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐๐ *bruzdลts | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ด๐น๐๐ *bruzdลdฤdeits | โ | |
| 1st plural | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ผ๐ฐ *bruzdลma | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ด๐น๐ผ๐ฐ *bruzdลdฤdeima | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฟ *bruzdลndau | |
| 2nd plural | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ธ *bruzdลรพ | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ด๐น๐ธ *bruzdลdฤdeiรพ | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฟ *bruzdลndau | |
| 3rd plural | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ฝ๐ฐ *bruzdลna | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ด๐ณ๐ด๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ *bruzdลdฤdeina | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฟ *bruzdลndau | |
| Imperative | ||||
| 2nd singular | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐ *bruzdล | |||
| 3rd singular | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฟ *bruzdลdau | |||
| 2nd dual | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐๐ *bruzdลts | |||
| 2nd plural | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ธ *bruzdลรพ | |||
| 3rd plural | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฟ *bruzdลndau | |||
| Present | Past | |||
| Participles | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ฝ๐ณ๐ *bruzdลnds | *๐ฑ๐๐ฟ๐ถ๐ณ๐๐ธ๐ *bruzdลรพs | ||
Descendants
- โ Vulgar Latin: *brustล
- Old French: brosder, broisder, brouder
- Middle French: broder; embroder
- French: broder
- โ Dutch: borduren
- Norman: broder (Jersey), broudaรฏr (Guernรฉsiais)
- Picard: border
- Old French: embrosder, embrouder
- โ Middle English: broiden, brouden
- โ Middle English: embrouderen, embrowderen, embroderen
- English: embroider (influenced by Middle English broiden)
- Middle French: broder; embroder
- Iberian:
- Old Portuguese: broslar
- Galician: brozlar
- Portuguese: broslar
- Spanish: broslar
- Old Portuguese: broslar
- Old Italian: brustare
- Old Occitan: broidar, brodar
- Occitan: brodar
- Catalan: brodar
- Old French: brosder, broisder, brouder