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单词 arch
释义

arch

See also: ARCH, ärch, arch-, -arch, and arch.

English

arch (3).

Pronunciation

  • (General American) enPR: ärch, IPA(key): /ɑɹt͡ʃ/
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɑːt͡ʃ/
  • (by analogy to arc, nonstandard) IPA(key): ((General American)) /ɑɹk/, ((Received Pronunciation)) /ɑːk/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)tʃ

Etymology 1

From Middle English arch, arche, from Old French arche (“an arch”), a feminine form of arc, from Latin arcus (“a bow, arc, arch”). Doublet of arc and arco. Displaced native Old English bīeġels.

Noun

arch (plural arches)

  1. An inverted U shape.
  2. An arch-shaped arrangement of trapezoidal stones, designed to redistribute downward force outward.
  3. (architecture) An architectural element having the shape of an arch
  4. Any place covered by an arch; an archway.
    to pass into the arch of a bridge
  5. (archaic, geometry) An arc; a part of a curve.
  6. A natural arch-shaped opening in a rock mass.
  7. (anatomy) Curved part of the bottom of a foot.
Derived terms
  • abdominothoracic arch
  • antitwilight arch
  • aortic arch
  • aortic arch syndrome
  • arch bridge
  • arch dell
  • arch doxy
  • arched
  • arch enemy
  • Arches
  • arch harp
  • archivolt
  • archlute
  • arch of the aorta
  • archway
  • bell arch
  • branchial arch
  • camber arch
  • cycloidal arch
  • fallen arch
  • flying arch
  • geostatic arch
  • gill arch
  • Golden Arches
  • Gothic arch
  • haemal arch
  • hyoid arch
  • jack arch
  • lancet arch
  • Marble Arch
  • Maya arch
  • Mayan arch
  • neural arch
  • nocturnal arch
  • oblique arch
  • overarch
  • palatoglossal arch
  • palatopharyngeal arch
  • pelvic arch
  • proscenium arch
  • relieving arch
  • safety arch
  • scheme arch
  • sea arch
  • skew arch
  • smoke arch
  • stilted arch
  • straight arch
  • toparch
  • triumphal arch
  • vertebral arch
  • wheel arch
  • zygomatic arch
Translations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

arch (third-person singular simple present arches, present participle arching, simple past and past participle arched)

  1. To form into an arch shape.
    The cat arched its back
  2. To cover with an arch or arches.
Translations

References

  • “arch”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989, →ISBN.

Etymology 2

From the prefix arch-. "Principal" is the original sense; "mischievous" is via onetime frequent collocation with rogue, knave, etc.

Adjective

arch (comparative archer, superlative archest)

  1. knowing, clever, mischievous
    I attempted to hide my emotions, but an arch remark escaped my lips.
    • 1710 July 15 (Gregorian calendar)​, Isaac Bickerstaff [et al., pseudonyms; Richard Steele et al.], “Tuesday, July 4, 1710”, in The Tatler, number 193; republished in [Richard Steele], editor, The Tatler, […], volume III, London stereotype edition, London: I. Walker and Co.; […], 1822, OCLC 69947324:
      [He] spoke his request with so arch a leer.
    • 1828, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter XVI, in Pelham; or, The Adventures of a Gentleman. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], OCLC 729841413, page 112:
      “Oh!” cried Mrs. Green, with an arch laugh, “you are acquainted with Monsieur Margot, then?”
    • 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 46, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, OCLC 2057953:
      Blanche’s grey eyes gazed at Foker with such an arch twinkle that both of them burst out laughing […]
    • 1906, O. Henry, By Courier:
      A certain melancholy that touched her countenance must have been of recent birth, for it had not yet altered the fine and youthful contours of her cheek, nor subdued the arch though resolute curve of her lips.
    • 1912 January, Zane Grey, chapter 3, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, OCLC 6868219:
      Lassiter ended there with dry humor, yet behind that was meaning. Jane blushed and made arch eyes at him.
    • 2021 July 12, Nicholas Barber, “The French Dispatch: Four stars for Wes Anderson's latest”, in BBC‎:
      When you're watching a Wes Anderson film, you know it. Within seconds, you spot the symmetrical compositions, the horizontal camera moves, the blocks of garish colour, the san-serif lettering, the arch, wordy, vaguely melancholy humour and all the other elements that distinguish his comedies from everyone else's.
  2. principal; primary
    • c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene iii]:
      the most arch act of piteous massacre
    • 1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, When the World Screamed‎:
      Challenger the super scientist, Challenger the arch-pioneer, Challenger the first man of all men whom Mother Earth had been compelled to recognize.
    They were arch enemies.
Derived terms
  • archly
  • archness
Translations

Noun

arch (plural arches)

  1. (obsolete) chief
    • c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene iii]:
      My worthy arch and patron comes to-night.

See also

  • arc

Further reading

  • arch in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
  • arch in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911
  • arch at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

  • Char, Rach, char, rach

Czech

Noun

arch m inan

  1. sheet (in printing)

Declension

Declension of arch
singularplural
nominativearcharchy
genitivearchuarchů
dativearchuarchům
accusativearcharchy
vocativearchuarchy
locativearchuarších
instrumentalarchemarchy

Middle Dutch

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch *arg, from Proto-Germanic *argaz.

Adjective

arch

  1. bad, depraved
  2. wrong, evil
  3. shameful
  4. bad, worthless, of low quality
Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms
  • erch
Derived terms
  • argeren
Descendants
  • Dutch: arg, erg

Etymology 2

A substantive form of the adjective arch.

Noun

arch n

  1. evil
  2. disaster, misfortune
Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Further reading

  • “arch (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • “arch (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “arch (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
  • Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “arch (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

Middle English

Alternative forms

  • arche

Etymology

From Old French arche.

Noun

arch (plural arches)

  1. arch
  2. arc

Descendants

  • English: arch

References

  • “arch(e, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Middle Welsh

Etymology

From the root of erchi (“to request”), from Proto-Celtic *ɸarsketi, from Proto-Indo-European *preḱ-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /arχ/

Noun

arch f

  1. request

Verb

arch

  1. second-person singular imperative of erchi

Mutation

Middle Welsh mutation
RadicalSoftNasalH-prothesis
archunchangedunchangedharch
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Scots

Noun

arch (plural archs)

  1. Alternative form of airch

References

  • “arch, n.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.

Welsh

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /arχ/

Etymology 1

From Middle Welsh arch, from Proto-Brythonic *arx, from Latin arca.

Noun

arch f (plural eirch)

  1. (obsolete) chest, coffer
  2. coffin (a box for the dead)
    • 2020 February 28, BBC Cymru Fyw‎:
      Mae’r arddangosfa yn ymchwilio i’r modd y caiff y corff dynol ei gadw wedi marwolaeth. Penllanw deng mlynedd o waith yw’r casgliad o jariau claddu ac eirch carreg maint llawn.
      The exhibition explores the way in which the human body is preserved after daeth. The collection of burial jars full-size stone coffins is the culmination of ten years' work.
  3. ark (a large boat with a flat bottom)
    • 1588, Y Beibl cyssegr-lan, Genesis 6:13, 14:
      A Duw a ddywedodd wrth Noa, Diwedd pob cnawd a ddaeth ger fy mron: oblegid llanwyd y ddaear â thrawsedd trwyddynt hwy: ac wele myfi a’u difethaf hwynt gyda’r ddaear. Gwna i ti arch o goed Goffer; yn gellau y gwnei yr arch, a phyga hi oddi mewn ac oddi allan â phyg.
      And God said unto Noah, The end of all flesh is come before me; for the earth is filled with violence through them; and, behold, I will destroy them with the earth. Make thee an ark of gopher wood; rooms shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt pitch it within and without with pitch.
Derived terms
  • arch Noa (“Noah's Ark”)
  • arch y Cyfamod (“Ark of the Covenant”)
  • bwa'r arch (“rainbow”)

Etymology 2

A back-formation from erchi (“to seek, ask for”).

Noun

arch f (plural eirchion)

  1. request, command
Derived terms
  • archeb (“order”)

Etymology 3

An inflected form of erchi (“to seek, ask for”).

Verb

arch

  1. second-person singular imperative of erchi

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radicalsoftnasalh-prothesis
archunchangedunchangedharch
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “arch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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