arborer
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Italian arborare.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /aʁ.bɔ.ʁe/
Audio (file)
Verb
arborer
- to sport (clothes, a badge etc.)
- 1925, Marcel Proust, chapter 4, in Albertine disparue [The Fugitive] (À la recherche du temps perdu):
- […] comme enrobé dans les atours de Mme Molé (ou d'une autre), bannière d'une cause gynophile qui n'était pas la sienne mais qu'il aimait bien que sans droit, à arborer ainsi, soit qu'il la trouvât protectrice ou esthétique […]
- […] when he appeared to be robed in the finery of Mme. Molé or some other woman, the banner of a gynaecophil cause which was not his own but which he loved, albeit without having the right to flaunt it thus, whether because he found it useful as a protection or aesthetically charming […]
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- to wear (a facial expression e.g. a smile, a frown)
- 2012, Tessa Gratton, Blood Lovers, Chapter 29
- Je claquai la portière, grimpai les marches du perron et entrai dans la maison sans parvenir à arborer mon sourire habituel.
- I slammed the door, climbed the front steps, and entered the house without managing to wear my usual smile.
- 2012, Tessa Gratton, Blood Lovers, Chapter 29
- to fly, display (a flag)
- 1864, Rudolf Charles, Preface to Testament by Jean Meslier, page 14
- ...un prétexte pour nous accuser de n'être qu'un club de fanatiques, qui ne craignaient pas d'arborer ouvertement l'étendard de l'impartialité, de la liberté individuelle, et de la coopération mutuelle, tout en mentant à leur devise, et pour ne prêcher sous main que l'athéisme...
- ...a pretext to accuse us of being only a club of fanatics, who were not afraid to openly fly the flag of impartiality, individual freedom, and mutual cooperation, while contradicting their motto by preaching only atheism...
- 1864, Rudolf Charles, Preface to Testament by Jean Meslier, page 14
Conjugation
Conjugation of arborer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | arborer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | arborant /aʁ.bɔ.ʁɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | arboré /aʁ.bɔ.ʁe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | arbore /aʁ.bɔʁ/ | arbores /aʁ.bɔʁ/ | arbore /aʁ.bɔʁ/ | arborons /aʁ.bɔ.ʁɔ̃/ | arborez /aʁ.bɔ.ʁe/ | arborent /aʁ.bɔʁ/ |
| imperfect | arborais /aʁ.bɔ.ʁɛ/ | arborais /aʁ.bɔ.ʁɛ/ | arborait /aʁ.bɔ.ʁɛ/ | arborions /aʁ.bɔ.ʁjɔ̃/ | arboriez /aʁ.bɔ.ʁje/ | arboraient /aʁ.bɔ.ʁɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | arborai /aʁ.bɔ.ʁe/ | arboras /aʁ.bɔ.ʁa/ | arbora /aʁ.bɔ.ʁa/ | arborâmes /aʁ.bɔ.ʁam/ | arborâtes /aʁ.bɔ.ʁat/ | arborèrent /aʁ.bɔ.ʁɛʁ/ | |
| future | arborerai /aʁ.bɔ.ʁə.ʁe/ | arboreras /aʁ.bɔ.ʁə.ʁa/ | arborera /aʁ.bɔ.ʁə.ʁa/ | arborerons /aʁ.bɔ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | arborerez /aʁ.bɔ.ʁə.ʁe/ | arboreront /aʁ.bɔ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | arborerais /aʁ.bɔ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | arborerais /aʁ.bɔ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | arborerait /aʁ.bɔ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | arborerions /aʁ.bɔ.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ | arboreriez /aʁ.bɔ.ʁə.ʁje/ | arboreraient /aʁ.bɔ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | arbore /aʁ.bɔʁ/ | arbores /aʁ.bɔʁ/ | arbore /aʁ.bɔʁ/ | arborions /aʁ.bɔ.ʁjɔ̃/ | arboriez /aʁ.bɔ.ʁje/ | arborent /aʁ.bɔʁ/ |
| imperfect2 | arborasse /aʁ.bɔ.ʁas/ | arborasses /aʁ.bɔ.ʁas/ | arborât /aʁ.bɔ.ʁa/ | arborassions /aʁ.bɔ.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ | arborassiez /aʁ.bɔ.ʁa.sje/ | arborassent /aʁ.bɔ.ʁas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | arbore /aʁ.bɔʁ/ | — | arborons /aʁ.bɔ.ʁɔ̃/ | arborez /aʁ.bɔ.ʁe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “arborer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.