rascar
Catalan
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *rāsicāre, a frequentative verb based on Latin rāsus (“shaven”).
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /rəsˈka/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /rasˈkaɾ/
- Homophone: rascà
- Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
Verb
rascar (first-person singular present rasco, past participle rascat)
- (transitive) to scrape (off) (remove something from a surface)
- Synonym: gratar
- (intransitive) to be scratchy
- (intransitive) to make a grating sound
Conjugation
Conjugation of rascar (first conjugation)
| infinitive | rascar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | rascant | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | rascat | rascada | |||||
| plural | rascats | rascades | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | rasco | rasques | rasca | rasquem | rasqueu | rasquen | |
| imperfect | rascava | rascaves | rascava | rascàvem | rascàveu | rascaven | |
| future | rascaré | rascaràs | rascarà | rascarem | rascareu | rascaran | |
| preterite | rasquí | rascares | rascà | rascàrem | rascàreu | rascaren | |
| conditional | rascaria | rascaries | rascaria | rascaríem | rascaríeu | rascarien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | rasqui | rasquis | rasqui | rasquem | rasqueu | rasquin | |
| imperfect | rasqués | rasquessis | rasqués | rasquéssim | rasquéssiu | rasquessin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
| — | rasca | rasqui | rasquem | rasqueu | rasquin | ||
Derived terms
- rascaculs
- rascada
- rascador
- rascadures
- rascanyós
Related terms
- ras
- raure
References
- “rascar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
- “rascar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “rascar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese rascar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *rāsicāre, a frequentative verb based on Latin rāsus (“shaven”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [rasˈkaɾ]
Verb
rascar (first-person singular present rasco, first-person singular preterite rasquei, past participle rascado)
- to scratch
- Synonyms: cozar, fregar, rañar
- to scrape
- Synonym: raspar
- to claw
- Synonym: rabuñar
- to peel (potatoes)
- to groom, to currycomb
Conjugation
- Note: rasc- are changed to rasqu- before front vowels (e).
Conjugation of rascar
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| impersonal | rascar | |||||
| personal | rascar | rascares | rascar | rascarmos | rascardes | rascaren |
| Gerund | ||||||
| rascando | ||||||
| Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
| masculine | rascado | rascados | ||||
| feminine | rascada | rascadas | ||||
| Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | rasco | rascas | rasca | rascamos | rascades | rascan |
| imperfect | rascaba | rascabas | rascaba | rascabamos | rascabades | rascaban |
| preterite | rasquei | rascaches | rascou | rascamos | rascastes | rascaron |
| pluperfect | rascara | rascaras | rascara | rascaramos | rascarades | rascaran |
| future | rascarei | rascarás | rascará | rascaremos | rascaredes | rascarán |
| conditional | rascaría | rascarías | rascaría | rascariamos | rascariades | rascarían |
| Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | rasque | rasques | rasque | rasquemos | rasquedes | rasquen |
| preterite | rascase | rascases | rascase | rascásemos | rascásedes | rascasen |
| future | rascar | rascares | rascar | rascarmos | rascardes | rascaren |
| Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| affirmative | – | rasca | rasque | rasquemos | rascade | rasquen |
| negative | – | rasques | rasque | rasquemos | rasquedes | rasquen |
Derived terms
- rasca
- rascada
- rascadoiro
- rascadura
- rascalleira
- rascallo
References
- “rascar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “rasc” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “rascar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “rascar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “rascar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Portuguese rascar, from Vulgar Latin *rāsicāre, a frequentative verb based on Latin rāsus (“shaven”).
Verb
rascar (first-person singular present rasco, first-person singular preterite rasquei, past participle rascado)
- to scrape (draw a sharp object along a surface)
- Synonym: raspar
- inflection of rascar:
- first/third-person singular future subjunctive
- first/third-person singular personal infinitive
Conjugation
Conjugation of rascar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | rascar | |||||
| Personal | rascar | rascares | rascar | rascarmos | rascardes | rascarem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| rascando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | rascado | rascados | ||||
| Feminine | rascada | rascadas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | rasco | rascas | rasca | rascamos | rascais | rascam |
| Imperfect | rascava | rascavas | rascava | rascávamos | rascáveis | rascavam |
| Preterite | rasquei | rascaste | rascou | rascamos1, rascámos2 | rascastes | rascaram |
| Pluperfect | rascara | rascaras | rascara | rascáramos | rascáreis | rascaram |
| Future | rascarei | rascarás | rascará | rascaremos | rascareis | rascarão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| rascaria | rascarias | rascaria | rascaríamos | rascaríeis | rascariam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | rasque | rasques | rasque | rasquemos | rasqueis | rasquem |
| Imperfect | rascasse | rascasses | rascasse | rascássemos | rascásseis | rascassem |
| Future | rascar | rascares | rascar | rascarmos | rascardes | rascarem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | rasca | rasque | rasquemos | rascai | rasquem | |
| Negative (não) | não rasques | não rasque | não rasquemos | não rasqueis | não rasquem | |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Related terms
- raer/ rer
- raso
See also
- rasgar
- arranhar
Spanish
Etymology
From Old Spanish rascar, from Vulgar Latin *rāsicāre, a frequentative verb based on Latin rāsus (“shaven”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rasˈkaɾ/ [rasˈkaɾ]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: ras‧car
Verb
rascar (first-person singular present rasco, first-person singular preterite rasqué, past participle rascado)
- to scratch
- Synonym: rayar
- (reflexive, colloquial) to get drunk
- to scrape (to play awkwardly and inharmoniously on a violin or similar instrument)
Conjugation
Conjugation of rascar (c-qu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | rascar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | rascando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | rascado | rascada | |||||
| plural | rascados | rascadas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | rasco | rascastú rascásvos | rasca | rascamos | rascáis | rascan | |
| imperfect | rascaba | rascabas | rascaba | rascábamos | rascabais | rascaban | |
| preterite | rasqué | rascaste | rascó | rascamos | rascasteis | rascaron | |
| future | rascaré | rascarás | rascará | rascaremos | rascaréis | rascarán | |
| conditional | rascaría | rascarías | rascaría | rascaríamos | rascaríais | rascarían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | rasque | rasquestú rasquésvos2 | rasque | rasquemos | rasquéis | rasquen | |
| imperfect (ra) | rascara | rascaras | rascara | rascáramos | rascarais | rascaran | |
| imperfect (se) | rascase | rascases | rascase | rascásemos | rascaseis | rascasen | |
| future1 | rascare | rascares | rascare | rascáremos | rascareis | rascaren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | rascatú rascávos | rasque | rasquemos | rascad | rasquen | ||
| negative | no rasques | no rasque | no rasquemos | no rasquéis | no rasquen | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of rascar (c-qu alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive rascar | |||||||
| dative | rascarme | rascarte | rascarle, rascarse | rascarnos | rascaros | rascarles, rascarse | |
| accusative | rascarme | rascarte | rascarlo, rascarla, rascarse | rascarnos | rascaros | rascarlos, rascarlas, rascarse | |
| with gerund rascando | |||||||
| dative | rascándome | rascándote | rascándole, rascándose | rascándonos | rascándoos | rascándoles, rascándose | |
| accusative | rascándome | rascándote | rascándolo, rascándola, rascándose | rascándonos | rascándoos | rascándolos, rascándolas, rascándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative rasca | |||||||
| dative | ráscame | ráscate | ráscale | ráscanos | not used | ráscales | |
| accusative | ráscame | ráscate | ráscalo, ráscala | ráscanos | not used | ráscalos, ráscalas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative rascá | |||||||
| dative | rascame | rascate | rascale | rascanos | not used | rascales | |
| accusative | rascame | rascate | rascalo, rascala | rascanos | not used | rascalos, rascalas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative rasque | |||||||
| dative | rásqueme | not used | rásquele, rásquese | rásquenos | not used | rásqueles | |
| accusative | rásqueme | not used | rásquelo, rásquela, rásquese | rásquenos | not used | rásquelos, rásquelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative rasquemos | |||||||
| dative | not used | rasquémoste | rasquémosle | rasquémonos | rasquémoos | rasquémosles | |
| accusative | not used | rasquémoste | rasquémoslo, rasquémosla | rasquémonos | rasquémoos | rasquémoslos, rasquémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative rascad | |||||||
| dative | rascadme | not used | rascadle | rascadnos | rascaos | rascadles | |
| accusative | rascadme | not used | rascadlo, rascadla | rascadnos | rascaos | rascadlos, rascadlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative rasquen | |||||||
| dative | rásquenme | not used | rásquenle | rásquennos | not used | rásquenles, rásquense | |
| accusative | rásquenme | not used | rásquenlo, rásquenla | rásquennos | not used | rásquenlos, rásquenlas, rásquense | |
Derived terms
- puerco no se rasca en javilla
- rascacielos
- rascador
Related terms
- raer
- raso
See also
- arañar
- rasgar
- rasguñar
- raspar
Further reading
- “rascar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014