rapio
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *rapiō[1], perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rp-i-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rep- (“to snatch”) (compare Albanian rrjep, Ancient Greek ἐρέπτομαι (eréptomai), Lithuanian ap-répti).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈra.pi.oː/, [ˈräpioː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈra.pi.o/, [ˈräːpio]
Verb
rapiō (present infinitive rapere, perfect active rapuī, supine raptum); third conjugation iō-variant
- I snatch, grab, carry off, abduct, rape, steal
- Synonyms: abdūcō, tollō, adimō, fraudō, corripiō, auferō, ēripiō, dēmō, āvertō, āmoveō, diripio, praedor, agō
Conjugation
| Conjugation of rapiō (third conjugation iō-variant) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | rapiō | rapis | rapit | rapimus | rapitis | rapiunt |
| imperfect | rapiēbam | rapiēbās | rapiēbat | rapiēbāmus | rapiēbātis | rapiēbant | |
| future | rapiam | rapiēs | rapiet | rapiēmus | rapiētis | rapient | |
| perfect | rapuī | rapuistī | rapuit | rapuimus | rapuistis | rapuērunt, rapuēre | |
| pluperfect | rapueram | rapuerās | rapuerat | rapuerāmus | rapuerātis | rapuerant | |
| future perfect | rapuerō | rapueris | rapuerit | rapuerimus | rapueritis | rapuerint | |
| sigmatic future1 | rapsō | rapsis | rapsit | rapsimus | rapsitis | rapsint | |
| passive | present | rapior | raperis, rapere | rapitur | rapimur | rapiminī | rapiuntur |
| imperfect | rapiēbar | rapiēbāris, rapiēbāre | rapiēbātur | rapiēbāmur | rapiēbāminī | rapiēbantur | |
| future | rapiar | rapiēris, rapiēre | rapiētur | rapiēmur | rapiēminī | rapientur | |
| perfect | raptus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | raptus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | raptus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | rapiam | rapiās | rapiat | rapiāmus | rapiātis | rapiant |
| imperfect | raperem | raperēs | raperet | raperēmus | raperētis | raperent | |
| perfect | rapuerim | rapuerīs | rapuerit | rapuerīmus | rapuerītis | rapuerint | |
| pluperfect | rapuissem | rapuissēs | rapuisset | rapuissēmus | rapuissētis | rapuissent | |
| sigmatic aorist1 | rapsim | rapsīs | rapsīt | rapsīmus | rapsītis | rapsint | |
| passive | present | rapiar | rapiāris, rapiāre | rapiātur | rapiāmur | rapiāminī | rapiantur |
| imperfect | raperer | raperēris, raperēre | raperētur | raperēmur | raperēminī | raperentur | |
| perfect | raptus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | raptus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | rape | — | — | rapite | — |
| future | — | rapitō | rapitō | — | rapitōte | rapiuntō | |
| passive | present | — | rapere | — | — | rapiminī | — |
| future | — | rapitor | rapitor | — | — | rapiuntor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | rapere | rapuisse | raptūrum esse | rapī | raptum esse | raptum īrī | |
| participles | rapiēns | — | raptūrus | — | raptus | rapiendus, rapiundus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| rapiendī | rapiendō | rapiendum | rapiendō | raptum | raptū | ||
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").
Derived terms
- abripiō
- arripiō
- corripiō
- dēripiō
- dīripiō
- ēripiō
- praeripiō
- prōripiō
- rapāx
- rapidus
- rapīna
- raptō
- raptūra
- surripiō
- ūsūrpō
Descendants
- Aromanian: arachiu, arãchescu, arãchiri
- Catalan: rapir
- Italian: rapire
- Old Catalan: rabir
- Old French: ravir
- → English: ravish
- French: ravir
- Old Spanish: rabir
- Piedmontese: rapì
- Occitan: rabir
- Romanian: răpi, răpire
- → English: rape
- → Portuguese: raptar
- → Spanish: raptar, rapiña
References
- “rapio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “rapio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- rapio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to lead a person into error: aliquem in errorem inducere, rapere
- to lead the army with forced marches: citatum agmen rapere
- to lead a person into error: aliquem in errorem inducere, rapere
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN