rangaista
Finnish
(index ra)
Etymology
< ranka, possibly through dialectal rankoa
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ran‧gais‧ta
- IPA(key): /ˈrɑŋːɑistɑ(ʔ)/
Verb
rangaista
- (transitive) To punish, penalise/penalize, mete out a penalty/punishment for.
Usage notes
- There is also a form rankaista which is quite widely used alongside rangaista, although it is considered colloquial and non-standard Finnish. Sometimes the fluctuation between g and k in the inflected forms tends to cause difficulties even for native Finns.
Conjugation
| Inflection of rangaista (Kotus type 66/rohkaista, nk-ng gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | rankaisen | en rankaise | 1st sing. | olen rangaissut | en ole rangaissut | |
| 2nd sing. | rankaiset | et rankaise | 2nd sing. | olet rangaissut | et ole rangaissut | |
| 3rd sing. | rankaisee | ei rankaise | 3rd sing. | on rangaissut | ei ole rangaissut | |
| 1st plur. | rankaisemme | emme rankaise | 1st plur. | olemme rangaisseet | emme ole rangaisseet | |
| 2nd plur. | rankaisette | ette rankaise | 2nd plur. | olette rangaisseet | ette ole rangaisseet | |
| 3rd plur. | rankaisevat | eivät rankaise | 3rd plur. | ovat rangaisseet | eivät ole rangaisseet | |
| passive | rangaistaan | ei rangaista | passive | on rangaistu | ei ole rangaistu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | rankaisin | en rangaissut | 1st sing. | olin rangaissut | en ollut rangaissut | |
| 2nd sing. | rankaisit | et rangaissut | 2nd sing. | olit rangaissut | et ollut rangaissut | |
| 3rd sing. | rankaisi | ei rangaissut | 3rd sing. | oli rangaissut | ei ollut rangaissut | |
| 1st plur. | rankaisimme | emme rangaisseet | 1st plur. | olimme rangaisseet | emme olleet rangaisseet | |
| 2nd plur. | rankaisitte | ette rangaisseet | 2nd plur. | olitte rangaisseet | ette olleet rangaisseet | |
| 3rd plur. | rankaisivat | eivät rangaisseet | 3rd plur. | olivat rangaisseet | eivät olleet rangaisseet | |
| passive | rangaistiin | ei rangaistu | passive | oli rangaistu | ei ollut rangaistu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | rankaisisin | en rankaisisi | 1st sing. | olisin rangaissut | en olisi rangaissut | |
| 2nd sing. | rankaisisit | et rankaisisi | 2nd sing. | olisit rangaissut | et olisi rangaissut | |
| 3rd sing. | rankaisisi | ei rankaisisi | 3rd sing. | olisi rangaissut | ei olisi rangaissut | |
| 1st plur. | rankaisisimme | emme rankaisisi | 1st plur. | olisimme rangaisseet | emme olisi rangaisseet | |
| 2nd plur. | rankaisisitte | ette rankaisisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte rangaisseet | ette olisi rangaisseet | |
| 3rd plur. | rankaisisivat | eivät rankaisisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat rangaisseet | eivät olisi rangaisseet | |
| passive | rangaistaisiin | ei rangaistaisi | passive | olisi rangaistu | ei olisi rangaistu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | rankaise | älä rankaise | 2nd sing. | ole rangaissut | älä ole rangaissut | |
| 3rd sing. | rangaiskoon | älköön rangaisko | 3rd sing. | olkoon rangaissut | älköön olko rangaissut | |
| 1st plur. | rangaiskaamme | älkäämme rangaisko | 1st plur. | olkaamme rangaisseet | älkäämme olko rangaisseet | |
| 2nd plur. | rangaiskaa | älkää rangaisko | 2nd plur. | olkaa rangaisseet | älkää olko rangaisseet | |
| 3rd plur. | rangaiskoot | älkööt rangaisko | 3rd plur. | olkoot rangaisseet | älkööt olko rangaisseet | |
| passive | rangaistakoon | älköön rangaistako | passive | olkoon rangaistu | älköön olko rangaistu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | rangaissen | en rangaisse | 1st sing. | lienen rangaissut | en liene rangaissut | |
| 2nd sing. | rangaisset | et rangaisse | 2nd sing. | lienet rangaissut | et liene rangaissut | |
| 3rd sing. | rangaissee | ei rangaisse | 3rd sing. | lienee rangaissut | ei liene rangaissut | |
| 1st plur. | rangaissemme | emme rangaisse | 1st plur. | lienemme rangaisseet | emme liene rangaisseet | |
| 2nd plur. | rangaissette | ette rangaisse | 2nd plur. | lienette rangaisseet | ette liene rangaisseet | |
| 3rd plur. | rangaissevat | eivät rangaisse | 3rd plur. | lienevät rangaisseet | eivät liene rangaisseet | |
| passive | rangaistaneen | ei rangaistane | passive | lienee rangaistu | ei liene rangaistu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | rangaista | present | rankaiseva | rangaistava | ||
| long 1st2 | rangaistakseen | past | rangaissut | rangaistu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | rangaistessa | rangaistaessa | agent1, 3 | rankaisema | |
| instructive | rangaisten | — | negative | rankaisematon | ||
| 3rd | inessive | rankaisemassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | rankaisemasta | — | ||||
| illative | rankaisemaan | — | ||||
| adessive | rankaisemalla | — | ||||
| abessive | rankaisematta | — | ||||
| instructive | rankaiseman | rangaistaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | rankaiseminen | ||||
| partitive | rankaisemista | |||||
| 5th2 | rankaisemaisillaan | |||||
Derived terms
- nouns: rangaistus, rankaiseminen, rankaisu