arbed
See also: arƀed
English
Verb
arbed
- simple past tense and past participle of arb
Anagrams
- Bader, Beard, Breda, Debar, Debra, ardeb, bared, beard, bread, debar
Welsh
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *ɸare-kʷet-; compare Old Irish ar·ceissi (“have mercy on”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈarbɛd/
Verb
arbed (first-person singular present arbedaf)
- to save (help survive, rescue; store for future use)
- to spare (preserve from danger or punishment)
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | arbedaf | arbedi | arbed | arbedwn | arbedwch | arbedant | arbedir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional | arbedwn | arbedit | arbedai | arbedem | arbedech | arbedent | arbedid | |
| preterite | arbedais | arbedaist | arbedodd | arbedasom | arbedasoch | arbedasant | arbedwyd | |
| pluperfect | arbedaswn | arbedasit | arbedasai | arbedasem | arbedasech | arbedasent | arbedasid, arbedesid | |
| present subjunctive | arbedwyf | arbedych | arbedo | arbedom | arbedoch | arbedont | arbeder | |
| imperative | — | arbed | arbeded | arbedwn | arbedwch | arbedent | arbeder | |
| verbal noun | arbed | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | arbededig arbedadwy | |||||||
- Obsolete third-person singular present indicative/future: erbyd
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | arbeda i, arbedaf i | arbedi di | arbedith o/e/hi, arbediff e/hi | arbedwn ni | arbedwch chi | arbedan nhw |
| conditional | arbedwn i, arbedswn i | arbedet ti, arbedset ti | arbedai fo/fe/hi, arbedsai fo/fe/hi | arbeden ni, arbedsen ni | arbedech chi, arbedsech chi | arbeden nhw, arbedsen nhw |
| preterite | arbedais i, arbedes i | arbedaist ti, arbedest ti | arbedodd o/e/hi | arbedon ni | arbedoch chi | arbedon nhw |
| imperative | — | arbeda | — | — | arbedwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| arbed | unchanged | unchanged | harbed |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*fare-kʷet-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 123
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “arbedaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies