raisin

raisin

See also: raisín

English

Sultana raisins

Etymology

From Middle English raysyn, borrowed from Anglo-Norman reysin (“grape, raisin”), from Late Latin racīmus, from Latin racēmus. Possibly a distant cognate of Persian رز‎ (raz, “vine”). Doublet of raceme.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɹeɪzən/
• (obsolete) IPA^(key): /ˈɹiːzən/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪzən

Noun

raisin (plural raisins)

1. A dried grape.
   • 2021 July 18, Christopher Flavelle, “Scorched, Parched and Now Uninsurable: Climate Change Hits Wine Country”, in The New York Times‎, ISSN 0362-4331:

     Some of the fruit had turned black and shrunken — becoming, effectively, absurdly high-cost raisins.

Usage notes

In the USA, raisin refers to any kind of dried grape.In the UK, Australia and New Zealand, raisin is reserved for the dried large dark grape, with sultana meaning the dried large white grape, and currant meaning the dried small Black Corinth grape.

Derived terms

• rabbit raisins
• raisined
• Raisinet
• raisinish
• raisinlike
• raisiny

 

Descendants

• → Japanese: レーズン (rēzun)

Translations

dried grape

Arabic: (collective) زَبِيب‎ (ar) (zabīb), زَبِيبَة‎ f (zabība) Egyptian Arabic: زبيب‎ m (zabīb) (collective), زبيبة‎ f (zabība) (singulative) Moroccan Arabic: زبيب‎ m (zbīb) (collective), زبيبة‎ f (zbība) (singulative) Armenian: չամիչ (hy) (čʿamičʿ) Assamese: কিচমিচ (kismis) Asturian: pasa (ast) f Belarusian: разы́нка f (razýnka) Bengali: কিশমিশ (bn) (kiśômiś) Brunei Malay: kismis Bulgarian: стафида f (stafida) Catalan: pansa (ca) f Chinese: Cantonese: 葡萄乾, 葡萄干 (pou4 tou4 gon1), 提子乾, 提子干 (tai4 zi2 gon1) Mandarin: 葡萄乾／葡萄干 (zh) (pútáogān) Min Nan: 葡萄乾, 葡萄干 (phû-tô-koaⁿ) Crimean Tatar: kuru yüzüm Czech: rozinka (cs) f, hrozinka (cs) f Danish: rosin (da) c Dutch: rozijn (nl) f Esperanto: sekvinbero Estonian: rosin (et) Ewe: weintsetse ƒuƒu n Finnish: rusina (fi) French: raisin sec (fr) m Galician: uva pasa (gl) f, pasa (gl) f Georgian: ქიშმიში (kišmiši), ჩამიჩი (čamiči) German: Rosine (de) f Greek: σταφίδα (el) f (stafída) Ancient: ἀσταφίς f (astaphís) Gujarati: કિસમિસ (kismis) Hebrew: צימוק \\ צִמּוּק‎ (he) m (tsimuk) Hungarian: mazsola (hu), aszalt szőlő (formal) Icelandic: rúsína f Indonesian: kismis (id) Irish: rísín m Italian: uvetta (it) f, uva passa f, uva secca f Japanese: レーズン (rēzun), 干し葡萄 (ほしぶどう, hoshibudō) Kazakh: мейіз (meiız) Korean: 건포도(乾葡萄) (ko) (geonpodo) Kurdish: Central Kurdish: مێوژ‎ (mêwj) Latin: passa f Latvian: rozīne (lv) f Lombard: uva passa f, uga passa Macedonian: суво грозје n (suvo grozje) Malay: kismis Jawi: اڠݢور کريڠ‎, کيسميس‎, زبيب‎ Rumi: anggur kering, kismis, zabib (ms) Malayalam: ഉണക്കമുന്തിരി (uṇakkamuntiri) Maltese: żbib Maori: karepe maroke, reihana Norwegian: Bokmål: rosin (no) m or f Nynorsk: rosin f Persian: کشمش‎ (fa) (kešmeš), مویز‎ (fa) (maviz) Polish: rodzynka (pl) f, rodzynek (pl) m Portuguese: uva passa f, uva-passa (pt) f, passa (pt) f Romanian: stafidă (ro) f Russian: изю́м (ru) m (izjúm) (collective), изю́мина (ru) f (izjúmina) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: суво грожђе n Roman: suvo grožđe (sh) n, grožđice pl Sicilian: pàssula (scn) f Slovak: hrozienko n Slovene: rozina (sl) f Sorbian: Lower Sorbian: rozyna f Spanish: pasa (es) f Swedish: russin (sv) n Tagalog: pasas (tl) Taos: ùbo’óna Thai: เกด (th) (gèet) Tigrinya: ዘቢብ (zäbib) Turkish: kuru üzüm (tr) Turkmen: kişmiş Ugaritic: 𐎕𐎎𐎖 (ṣmq) Ukrainian: родзи́нки f pl (rodzýnky) Vietnamese: nho khô Welsh: rhesinen (cy) f, rhesins (cy) f pl West Frisian: rezyn Westrobothnian: russan n Yiddish: ראָזשינקע‎ f (rozhinke) Yup'ik: isuumayagaq

Verb

raisin (third-person singular simple present raisins, present participle raisining, simple past and past participle raisined)

1. (intransitive) Of grapes: to dry out; to become like raisins.
   • 2008, John Winthrop Haeger, Pacific Pinot Noir:

     Second-crop fruit tends to show smaller clusters than first-crop, to have a high skin-to-juice ratio, and to be a good blending tool, according to Iantosca, although care must be exercised to ensure that the second-crop berries have not raisined.

Anagrams

• Iranis, Sirian

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French

Etymology

From Old French raisin, from Late Latin racīmus, from Latin racēmus. Doublet of racème, a borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁɛ.zɛ̃/, /ʁe.zɛ̃/

• audio

  (file)

Noun

raisin m (plural raisins)

1. grape
2. a size of paper (having such a watermark)
3. a bright red lipstick

Derived terms

• jus de raisin
• mi-figue mi-raisin
• pain aux raisins
• raisin de Corinthe
• raisin de loup
• raisin de mer
• raisin de renard
• raisin d'ours
• raisin sec

 

Further reading

• “raisin”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Old French

Alternative forms

• resin, resyn, reysyn, roisin
• raisine, raysine, reisine (feminine)

Etymology

From Late Latin racīmus, from Latin racēmus.

Pronunciation

• (archaic) IPA^(key): /rai̯ˈzin(ə)/
• (classical) IPA^(key): /rei̯ˈzin(ə)/, (northern) /roi̯ˈzin(ə)/

Noun

raisin m (oblique plural raisins, nominative singular raisins, nominative plural raisin)

1. grape
2. cluster or bunch of grapes
3. raisin (dried fruit)

Descendants

• French: raisin
• Norman: raisin, rouaisin
• Picard: rosin, reusin, rojin, roisin, rouaisin
• Walloon: reujin, rouaijin, roijin

Borrowings:

• → Middle Dutch: rosine
  • Dutch: rozijn
  • → Middle High German: rosīn
    • German: Rosine
      • → Polish: rodzynka
      • → Czech: rozinka, ⇒ hrozinka (contaminated with hrozen)
      • ⇒ Slovak: hrozienko (contaminated with hrozno)
  • → Middle Low German: rosīne
    • → Danish: rosin
• → Middle English: raysyn, raycin, reyson, reysyn, rasyn, rayson, resyn, reyseyn, raysing, racine, resonne, reysynge
  • English: raisin
    • → Japanese: レーズン (rēzun)
  • Scots: raisin, reasin
• → Middle Irish: [Term?]
  • Irish: rísín
• → Middle Welsh: [Term?]
  • Welsh: rhesin
• →? Old Norse: rúsína
  • Icelandic: rúsína
  • Swedish: russin
    • → Finnish: rusina
• → Sicilian: racina

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (raisin, supplement)
• raisin on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “racēmus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 10: R, page 12