raffermir
French
Etymology
From re- + affermir.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁa.fɛʁ.miʁ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -iʁ
Verb
raffermir
- (transitive) to strengthen
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of raffermir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | raffermir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | raffermissant /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | raffermi /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | raffermis /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ | raffermis /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ | raffermit /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ | raffermissons /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɔ̃/ | raffermissez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.se/ | raffermissent /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ |
imperfect | raffermissais /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/ | raffermissais /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/ | raffermissait /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/ | raffermissions /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/ | raffermissiez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sje/ | raffermissaient /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | raffermis /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ | raffermis /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ | raffermit /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ | raffermîmes /ʁa.fɛʁ.mim/ | raffermîtes /ʁa.fɛʁ.mit/ | raffermirent /ʁa.fɛʁ.miʁ/ | |
future | raffermirai /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁe/ | raffermiras /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁa/ | raffermira /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁa/ | raffermirons /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/ | raffermirez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁe/ | raffermiront /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | raffermirais /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ | raffermirais /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ | raffermirait /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ | raffermirions /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁjɔ̃/ | raffermiriez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁje/ | raffermiraient /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | raffermisse /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ | raffermisses /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ | raffermisse /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ | raffermissions /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/ | raffermissiez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sje/ | raffermissent /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ |
imperfect2 | raffermisse /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ | raffermisses /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ | raffermît /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ | raffermissions /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sjɔ̃/ | raffermissiez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sje/ | raffermissent /ʁa.fɛʁ.mis/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | raffermis /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi/ | — | raffermissons /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.sɔ̃/ | raffermissez /ʁa.fɛʁ.mi.se/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
- “raffermir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.