raer
See also: Räer, råer, ráér, and rær
Galician
Alternative forms
- raír, reer
Etymology
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese reer, raer (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin rādere, present active infinitive of rādō, from Proto-Italic *razdō, from an extended form of *reh₁d- (“to scrape, scratch, gnaw”). Cognate with Portuguese reer and Spanish raer. Compare English raze.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /raˈeɾ/
Verb
raer (first-person singular present rao, first-person singular preterite raín, past participle raido)
- (transitive) to scrape, skim, shave
- 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé (ed.), Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria. Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 135:
- Para esto ual reer o lugar jnchado et çercallo de semesugas para liurar ende o sange que y ha para seyr fora
- For this is valid to shave the swollen place and then to encircle it with leeches, so freeing the blood that is there, letting it go out
- Para esto ual reer o lugar jnchado et çercallo de semesugas para liurar ende o sange que y ha para seyr fora
- Synonyms: rapar, rasar, rozar
- 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé (ed.), Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria. Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 135:
- to scythe
- to flatten, raze; to lay bare
- (impersonal) to clear up
Conjugation
- Note: ra- are changed to rai- before back vowels (a, o).
Conjugation of raer
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| impersonal | raer | |||||
| personal | raer | raeres | raer | raermos | raerdes | raeren |
| Gerund | ||||||
| raendo | ||||||
| Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
| masculine | raído | raídos | ||||
| feminine | raída | raídas | ||||
| Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | raio | raes | rae | raemos | raedes | raen |
| imperfect | raía | raías | raía | raïamos | raïades | raían |
| preterite | raín | raíches | raeu | raemos | raestes | raeron |
| pluperfect | raera | raeras | raera | raeramos | raerades | raeran |
| future | raerei | raerás | raerá | raeremos | raeredes | raerán |
| conditional | raería | raerías | raería | raeriamos | raeriades | raerían |
| Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | raia | raias | raia | raiamos | raiades | raian |
| preterite | raese | raeses | raese | raésemos | raésedes | raesen |
| future | raer | raeres | raer | raermos | raerdes | raeren |
| Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| affirmative | – | rae | raia | raiamos | raede | raian |
| negative | – | raias | raia | raiamos | raiades | raian |
Related terms
- rasa
- rasar
References
- “raer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “reer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “rraer” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “raer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “raer” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “raer” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Middle Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin rārus.
Adjective
râer
- (rare) rare, unusual
Inflection
| Adjective | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | ||
| Nominative | Indefinite | raer | raere | raer | raere |
| Definite | raere | raere | |||
| Accusative | Indefinite | raeren | raere | raer | raere |
| Definite | raere | ||||
| Genitive | raers | raerer | raers | raerer | |
| Dative | raeren | raerer | raeren | raeren | |
Descendants
- Dutch: raar
Further reading
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “raer”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Spanish
Etymology
From Old Spanish raer, from Latin rādere, present active infinitive of rādō, from Proto-Italic *razdō, from Proto-Indo-European *rh₁d-dʰ-, extended from *reh₁d- (“to scrape, scratch, gnaw”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /raˈeɾ/ [raˈeɾ]
- Rhymes: -eɾ
- Syllabification: ra‧er
Verb
raer (first-person singular present raigo or rayo, first-person singular preterite raí, past participle raído)
- (rare) to scrape, fray, abrade
- Synonym: raspar
- 1926, Roberto Arlt, "Judas Iscariote", in El juguete rabioso
- Más allá las mondongueras raen los amarillentos mondongos en el estaño de sus mostradores, o cuelgan de los ganchos inmensos hígados rojos.
- (rare) to remove completely
Conjugation
Conjugation of raer (irregular) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | raer | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | rayendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | raído | raída | |||||
| plural | raídos | raídas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | raigo, rayo | raestú raésvos | rae | raemos | raéis | raen | |
| imperfect | raía | raías | raía | raíamos | raíais | raían | |
| preterite | raí | raíste | rayó | raímos | raísteis | rayeron | |
| future | raeré | raerás | raerá | raeremos | raeréis | raerán | |
| conditional | raería | raerías | raería | raeríamos | raeríais | raerían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | raiga, raya | raigas, rayastú raigás, rayásvos2 | raiga, raya | raigamos, rayamos | raigáis, rayáis | raigan, rayan | |
| imperfect (ra) | rayera | rayeras | rayera | rayéramos | rayerais | rayeran | |
| imperfect (se) | rayese | rayeses | rayese | rayésemos | rayeseis | rayesen | |
| future1 | rayere | rayeres | rayere | rayéremos | rayereis | rayeren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | raetú raévos | raiga, raya | raigamos, rayamos | raed | raigan, rayan | ||
| negative | no raigas, no rayas | no raiga, no raya | no raigamos, no rayamos | no raigáis, no rayáis | no raigan, no rayan | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of raer (irregular)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive raer | |||||||
| dative | raerme | raerte | raerle, raerse | raernos | raeros | raerles, raerse | |
| accusative | raerme | raerte | raerlo, raerla, raerse | raernos | raeros | raerlos, raerlas, raerse | |
| with gerund rayendo | |||||||
| dative | rayéndome | rayéndote | rayéndole, rayéndose | rayéndonos | rayéndoos | rayéndoles, rayéndose | |
| accusative | rayéndome | rayéndote | rayéndolo, rayéndola, rayéndose | rayéndonos | rayéndoos | rayéndolos, rayéndolas, rayéndose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative rae | |||||||
| dative | ráeme | ráete | ráele | ráenos | not used | ráeles | |
| accusative | ráeme | ráete | ráelo, ráela | ráenos | not used | ráelos, ráelas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative raé | |||||||
| dative | raeme | raete | raele | raenos | not used | raeles | |
| accusative | raeme | raete | raelo, raela | raenos | not used | raelos, raelas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative raiga, raya | |||||||
| dative | ráigame, ráyame | not used | ráigale, ráyale, ráigase, ráyase | ráiganos, ráyanos | not used | ráigales, ráyales | |
| accusative | ráigame, ráyame | not used | ráigalo, ráyalo, ráigala, ráyala, ráigase, ráyase | ráiganos, ráyanos | not used | ráigalos, ráyalos, ráigalas, ráyalas | |
| with first-person plural imperative raigamos, rayamos | |||||||
| dative | not used | raigámoste, rayámoste | raigámosle, rayámosle | raigámonos, rayámonos | raigámoos, rayámoos | raigámosles, rayámosles | |
| accusative | not used | raigámoste, rayámoste | raigámoslo, rayámoslo, raigámosla, rayámosla | raigámonos, rayámonos | raigámoos, rayámoos | raigámoslos, rayámoslos, raigámoslas, rayámoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative raed | |||||||
| dative | raedme | not used | raedle | raednos | raeos | raedles | |
| accusative | raedme | not used | raedlo, raedla | raednos | raeos | raedlos, raedlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative raigan, rayan | |||||||
| dative | ráiganme, ráyanme | not used | ráiganle, ráyanle | ráigannos, ráyannos | not used | ráiganles, ráyanles, ráiganse, ráyanse | |
| accusative | ráiganme, ráyanme | not used | ráiganlo, ráyanlo, ráiganla, ráyanla | ráigannos, ráyannos | not used | ráiganlos, ráyanlos, ráiganlas, ráyanlas, ráiganse, ráyanse | |
Related terms
- rascar
- rasero
- raso
- rasura
Further reading
- “raer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014