-ra
See also: ra, Ra, RA, rá, rã, Rā, rá-, and Appendix:Variations of "ra"
Basque
Alternative forms
- -era (after consonants)
Suffix
-ra
- Allative singular suffix.
- ibai (“river”) + -ra → ibaira (“to the river”)
Declension
| Basque inflectional suffixes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | singular | plural | proximal plural | ||
| absolutive | -∅ | -a | -ak | -ok | |
| ergative | -k, -ek | -ak | -ek | ||
| dative | -ri, -i | -ari | -ei | -oi | |
| genitive | -ren, -en | -aren | -en | -on | |
| comitative | -rekin, -ekin | -arekin | -ekin | -okin | |
| causative | -rengatik, -engatik | -arengatik | -engatik | -ongatik | |
| benefactive | -rentzat, -entzat | -arentzat | -entzat | -ontzat | |
| instrumental | -z, -ez | -az | -ez | -oz | |
| inessive | anim. | -rengan, -engan | -arengan | -engan | -oengan |
| inanim. | -tan, -etan | -an | -etan | -otan | |
| locative | anim. | ― | ― | ― | ― |
| inanim. | -tako, -etako | -ko, -eko | -etako | -otako | |
| allative | anim. | -rengana, -engana | -arengana | -engana | -ongana |
| inanim. | -tara, -etara | -ra, -era | -etara | -otara | |
| terminative | anim. | -renganaino, -enganaino | -arenganaino | -enganaino | -onganaino |
| inanim. | -taraino, -etaraino | -raino, -eraino | -etaraino | -otaraino | |
| directive | anim. | -renganantz, -enganantz | -arenganantz | -enganantz | -onganantz |
| inanim. | -tarantz, -etarantz | -rantz, -erantz | -etarantz | -otarantz | |
| destinative | anim. | -renganako, -enganako | -arenganako | -enganako | -onganako |
| inanim. | -tarako, -etarako | -rako, -erako | -etarako | -otarako | |
| ablative | anim. | -rengandik, -engandik | -arengandik | -engandik | -ongandik |
| inanim. | -tatik, -etatik | -tik, -etik | -etik | -otik | |
| partitive | -rik, -ik | ― | ― | ― | |
| prolative | -tzat | ― | ― | ― | |
| The forms shown first are used when the ending is a vowel, the ones after the comma when it is a consonant. | |||||
Derived terms
Basque terms suffixed with -ra
Finnish
Alternative forms
- -r
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-ra, from Proto-Finno-Ugric [Term?].
Suffix
-ra (front vowel harmony variant -rä)
- Forms nouns or adjectives, mostly from nominal stems.
Derived terms
Finnish terms suffixed with -ra
Garo
Suffix
-ra
- used to make suggestions
- Iara?
- What about this?
Hungarian
| Pronominal adverbs from case suffixes (cf. postpositions) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ed | suffix | who? | what? | this | that | he/she (it)* | ||
| case | v. pr. | c. | ||||||
| nom. | – | ki | mi | ez | az | ő* / -∅ az / -∅ | – | – |
| acc. | -t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt | kit | mit | ezt | azt | őt* / -∅ azt / -∅ | – | c1 c2 |
| dat. | -nak / -nek | kinek | minek | ennek | annak | neki | neki- | c |
| ins. | -val / -vel | kivel | mivel | ezzel/ evvel | azzal/ avval | vele | c | |
| c-f. | -ért | kiért | miért | ezért | azért | érte | – | c |
| tra. | -vá / -vé | kivé | mivé | ezzé | azzá | – | – | c |
| ter. | -ig | – | meddig | eddig | addig | – | – | c |
| e-f. | -ként | (kiként) | (miként) | ekként | akként | – | – | c |
| e-m. | -ul / -ül | – | – | – | – | – | – | c |
| ine. | -ban / -ben | kiben | miben | ebben | abban | benne | – | c |
| sup. | -n/-on/-en/-ön | kin | min | ezen | azon | rajta | (rajta-) | c |
| ade. | -nál / -nél | kinél | minél | ennél | annál | nála | – | c |
| ill. | -ba / -be | kibe | mibe | ebbe | abba | bele | bele- | c |
| sub. | -ra / -re | kire | mire | erre | arra | rá | rá- | c |
| all. | -hoz/-hez/-höz | kihez | mihez | ehhez | ahhoz | hozzá | hozzá- | c |
| el. | -ból / -ből | kiből | miből | ebből | abból | belőle | – | c |
| del. | -ról / -ről | kiről | miről | erről | arról | róla | – | c |
| abl. | -tól / -től | kitől | mitől | ettől | attól | tőle | – | c |
| *: Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise. – Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All » | ||||||||
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [rɒ]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -rɒ
Suffix
-ra
- (case suffix) onto, on; (of time) for, by. Used to form the sublative case.
- asztal (“table”) → tedd az asztalra ― put it on the table
- pillanat (“moment”) → egy pillanatra ― for a moment
- szerda (“Wednesday”) → szerdára ― by Wednesday
Usage notes
Hungarian case suffixes
| Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú | Front vowel | |
|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded e, é, i, í | rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
| nominative | — | ||
| accusative | -t | ||
| -ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
| dative | -nak | -nek | |
| instrumental | -val | -vel | |
| causal-final | -ért | ||
| translative | -vá | -vé | |
| terminative | -ig | ||
| essive-formal | -ként | ||
| essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
| inessive | -ban | -ben | |
| superessive | -n | ||
| -on | -en | -ön | |
| adessive | -nál | -nél | |
| illative | -ba | -be | |
| sublative | -ra | -re | |
| allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
| elative | -ból | -ből | |
| delative | -ról | -ről | |
| ablative | -tól | -től | |
| Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként | |||
- (case suffix) Harmonic variants:
- -ra is added to back vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
- pad (“bench”) → Leültem egy padra. ― I sat down on a bench.
- alma (“apple”) → Allergiás vagyok az almára. ― I am allergic to apples.
- -re is added to front vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
- szék (“chair”) → Leültem egy székre. ― I sat down on a chair.
- béke (“peace”) → Mindenki békére vágyik. ― Everyone longs for peace.
- -ra is added to back vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
See also
- rá
- Category:Hungarian terms taking -ra/-re
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
Irish
Alternative forms
- -radh (obsolete)
Etymology
From Old Irish -rad.
Suffix
-ra m
- Collective suffix, attached to nouns or adjectives, used to form nouns: -ry, -y
- milseog (“dessert”) + -ra → milseogra (“confectionery”)
- glas (“green”) + -ra → glasra (“vegetable; originally “greenery”)
Declension
Declension of -ra
Fourth declension
Bare forms
| Forms with the definite article
|
Derived terms
Irish terms suffixed with -ra
Japanese
Romanization
-ra
- Rōmaji transcription of ら
Mayo
Suffix
-ra
- Suffix forming adjectives from nouns.
- cobba (“head”) + -ra → cóbaꞌara (“big-headed”)
Derived terms
Mayo terms suffixed with -ra
References
- Collard, Howard; Collard, Elisabeth Scott (1984) Castellano-mayo, mayo-castellano (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas Mariano Silva y Aceves; 6) (in Spanish), third edition, México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 203
Murui Huitoto
Etymology
From raa (“thing”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɾa]
Classifier
-ra
- Classifier for inanimate objects.
Derived terms
Murui Huitoto terms suffixed with -ra
References
- Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia., Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 83
Slovak
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ra/
Suffix
-ra f
- Nominal suffix.
Usage notes
This suffix is only used for one word: kostra, hence the genitive plural form -or, the dative plural form -ram and the locative plural form -rach are hypothetical.
Declension
Declension of -ra
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ra | -ry |
| genitive | -ry | -ier, -or |
| dative | -re | -rám, -ram |
| accusative | -ru | -ry |
| locative | -re | -rách, -rach |
| instrumental | -rou | -rami |
Derived terms
Slovak terms suffixed with -ra