-r
See also: Appendix:Variations of "r"
Chuukese
Suffix
-r
- (indirect object suffix) them
Estonian
Etymology
Mostly borrowed from Old Norse -ari (“suffix used to create agent nouns from verbs”). Cognate to Finnish -ari, -uri.
Suffix
-r (genitive -ri, partitive -rit)
- Forms various agent nouns.
- kala "fish" → kalur "fisherman"
- tuupima "to study excessively" → tuupur "nerd"
- surfama "to surf" → surfar "surfer"
- õppima "to learn" → õppur "learner"
- rokk "rock music" → rokkar "rocker"
Declension
Inflection of -r (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -r | -rid |
| accusative | -ri | -rid |
| genitive | -ri | -rite |
| partitive | -rit | -reid |
| illative | -risse | -ritesse -reisse |
| inessive | -ris | -rites -reis |
| elative | -rist | -ritest -reist |
| allative | -rile | -ritele -reile |
| adessive | -ril | -ritel -reil |
| ablative | -rilt | -ritelt -reilt |
| translative | -riks | -riteks -reiks |
| terminative | -rini | -riteni |
| essive | -rina | -ritena |
| abessive | -rita | -riteta |
| comitative | -riga | -ritega |
Derived terms
Estonian terms suffixed with -r
Finnish
Suffix
-r
- Alternative form of -ra
Suffix
-r
- Alternative form of -re
Irish
Etymology
From the Old Irish ro- (perfective prefix).
Suffix
-r
- A suffix added to certain preverbs and subordinating conjunctions when these occur with past tense verbs, and in the past/conditional copular form of these preverbs and conjunctions.
Derived terms
Irish terms suffixed with -r
Old Norse
Suffix
-r
- denotes the nominative singular of adjectives, masculine a-stem, i-stem, u-stem, and an-stem, as well as feminine ijo-stem nouns
- denotes the nominative and accusative plurals of r- and consonant stem nouns
Declension
Strong declension of adjectives
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -r | - | -t |
| accusative | -an | -a | -t |
| dative | -um | -ri | -u |
| genitive | -s | -rar | -s |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | -ir | -ar | - |
| accusative | -a | -ar | - |
| dative | -um | -um | -um |
| genitive | -ra | -ra | -ra |
Declension of -r (strong a-stem)
| masculine | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | -r | -rinn | -ar | -arnir |
| accusative | - | -inn | -a | -ana |
| dative | -i | -inum | -um | -unum |
| genitive | -s | -sins | -a | -anna |
Declension of -r (weak an-stem)
| masculine | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | -i | -inn | -ar | -arnir |
| accusative | -a | -ann | -a | -ana |
| dative | -a | -anum | -um | -unum |
| genitive | -a | -ans | -a | -anna |
Declension of -r (strong i-stem, s and ar-genitives)
| masculine | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | -r | -rinn | -ir | -irnir |
| accusative | - | -inn | -i | -ina |
| dative | - | -inum | -um | -unum |
| genitive | -ar, -s | -arins, -sins | -a | -anna |
Declension of -r (strong u-stem)
| masculine | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | -r | -rinn | -ir | -irnir |
| accusative | - | -inn | -u | -una |
| dative | -i | -inum | -um | -unum |
| genitive | -ar | -arins | -a | -anna |
Declension of -r (strong ijō-stem)
| feminine | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | -r | -rin | -ar | -arnar |
| accusative | -i | -ina | -ar | -arnar |
| dative | -i | -inni | -um | -unum |
| genitive | -ar | -arinnar | -a | -anna |
Descendants
- Faroese: -ur
- Icelandic: -ur
- Old Swedish: -er
Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /r/
Suffix
-r
- Suffix for the indefinite plural form of some of the nouns of the third declension, chiefly if they end in a stressed vowel except -e or -i, or if it ends in an unstressed -e.
- Suffix for the present tense, active voice, indicative mood (all persons) for a small number of Swedish verbs which ends in a vowel except -a in the infinitive; formally also for a large part of those verbs which do end in -a in infinitive.
- Hon går. ― She walks.
- Vi dansar ― We dance.
Usage notes
The modern treatment is to consider also the verbs which in present tense ends in -ar to use the suffix -r, even though they frequently are denoted -ar-verbs, as if the suffix would be -ar. However, the -a- is rather interpreted as being part of the stem of the verb.
See also
- plural suffix
- -or
- -ar
- -er
- -n
- present tense suffix
- -er
Turkish
Suffix
-r
- Simple present tense suffix.
- oku(-mak) – okur
- (to) read – he/she/it reads
Usage notes
- Personal suffixes are added after "-r".
- oku + -r + -um = okurum (I read)
- oku + -r + -sun = okursun (you read)
- oku + -r = okur (he/she/it reads)
- oku + -r + -uz = okuruz (we read)
- oku + -r + -sunuz = okursunuz (you read)
- oku + -r + -lar = okurlar (they read)
- If the verb ends in a consonant, then this suffix becomes "-ar", "-er", "-ır", "-ir", "-ur" or "-ür"
- -ar: yap – yapar, çık – çıkar, kon – konar, sun – sunar
- -er: et – eder, git – gider, sön – söner, büz – büzer
- -ır: kal – kalır, çıldır – çıldırır
- -ir: gel – gelir, veril – verilir
- -ur: ol – olur, bul – bulur
- -ür: gör – görür, ölün – ölünür