quisque
Latin
Etymology
From quis + -que (“each”). Compare to quoque and quisquam.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈkʷis.kʷe/, [ˈkʷɪs̠kʷɛ]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈkwis.kwe/, [ˈkwiskwe]
Pronoun
quisque or quīque (feminine quaeque, neuter quidque); indefinite substantival pronoun, singular only
quisque (feminine quaeque, neuter quodque); indefinite adjectival pronoun
- each one, each person, each individual
- everybody, everyone
- anyone, whoever
- 2021 April 18, Wikipedia contributors, “Still waters run deep”, in English Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation:
- altissima quaeque flumina minimo sono labi
- Whichever rivers are deepest flow with the least sound.
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Usage notes
- The dative or ablative plural quīsque does appear in Titus Lucrētius Carus' Dē rērum nātūrā book IV: "praestō sint simulacra, locīs in quīsque, parātā"[1][2] Some old editions of the 18th and 19th century however have "Praestō sint simulacra, locōs in quōsque, parātā"[3][4]
Declension
Irregular substantival pronoun:Indefinite substantival pronoun, singular only.
| Number | Singular | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | quisque quīque1 | quaeque | quidque |
| Genitive | cuiusque1 | ||
| Dative | cuique1 | ||
| Accusative | quemque | quamque quemque | quidque |
| Ablative | quōque quīque | quāque quīque | quōque quīque |
1In Republican Latin or earlier, quī was often spelled as quei, cuius as quoius, cui as quoi (or quoiei), and quīs as queis.
Irregular adjectival pronoun:Indefinite adjectival pronoun.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | quisque | quaeque | quodque | quīque1 | quaeque | ||
| Genitive | cuiusque1 | quōrumque | quārumque | quōrumque | |||
| Dative | cuique1 | quibusque quīsque1 | |||||
| Accusative | quemque | quamque | quodque | quōsque | quāsque | quaeque | |
| Ablative | quōque | quāque | quōque | quibusque quīsque1 | |||
1In Republican Latin or earlier, quī was often spelled as quei, cuius as quoius, cui as quoi (or quoiei), and quīs as queis.
Derived terms
- suum cuique
- unusquisque
Related terms
Latin correlatives (edit)
| type | interrogative | indefinite | (medial) demonstrative | proximal demonstrative | distal demonstrative | relative | indefinite relative | identity | other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic | quis, quī | quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quisque, quisquam, aliquisquam, quispiam, ūllus | is, iste, istic | hic | ille, illic | quī | quisquis, quīcumque | ipse, īdem | alter, alius |
| dual | uter | alteruter, uterque | uter | utercumque | |||||
| number | quot | aliquot | tot | quot | quotquot, quotcumque | totidem | |||
| order | quotus | totus | quotus | quotuscumque | |||||
| quantity | quam | aliquam | tam | quam | †quamquam | †tamen, †tandem | |||
| size | quantus | aliquantus | tantus | quantus | quantuscumque | tantusdem | |||
| quality | quālis | aliquālis | tālis | quālis | quālis, quāliscumque | ||||
| manner | ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum | utique, quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō | ita, sic, eō/istō modō | hōc modō | illō modō | ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum | utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque | item, itidem | aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō |
| method, path, place | quā | aliquā, quāque | eā, istāc | hāc | illāc | quā | quāquā, quācumque | eādem | aliā |
| place | ubi | alicubi, ubique, usquam, uspiam | ibi, istic | hīc | illīc | ubi | ubiubi, ubicumque | ibidem | alibī, aliās |
| source | unde | alicunde, undeunde | inde, istinc | hinc | illinc | unde | undecumque | indidem | aliunde |
| destination | quō, quōrsum | aliquō, quōquam, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum | eō, istūc, °istōrsum | hūc, °hōrsum | illūc, °illōrsum | quō | quōquō, quōcumque | eōdem | aliō, aliorsum |
| time | quandō | quondam, aliquandō, quandōque, umquam | tum, tunc | num, nunc | ōlim | cum, quandō | cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque | simul | aliās |
| exact time | quota hōra | ea/ista hōra | hac hōra | illa hōra | quota hōra | quotacumque hōra | eadem hōra | altera/alia hōra | |
| repetition | quotiēns | aliquotiēns | totiēns | quotiēns | quotiēnscumque | ||||
| multiplication | quotuplex | totuplex | quotuplex | ||||||
| † Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare | |||||||||
Descendants
- Sardinian: kis (Old Sardinian)[5]
- → Spanish: quisque
References
- “quisque”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “quisque”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- quisque in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- quisque in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- all learned men: omnes docti, quivis doctus, doctissimus quisque
- (ambiguous) at the first opportunity: primo quoque tempore
- (ambiguous) every fifth year: quinto quoque anno
- all learned men: omnes docti, quivis doctus, doctissimus quisque
- Friedrich Neue, Formenlehre der Lateinischen Sprache, 2nd part, 2nd edition, Berlin, 1875, p. 245: "Dat. und Ablat. Plur. [...] neben quibusque auch quisque Lucr. 4, 798".
- Lukrez: Von der Natur. Lateinisch-deutsch. Herausgegeben und übersetzt von Hermann Diels. 3rd edition, 2013, p. 354, line 798
- T. Lucretii Cari de rerum natura libros sex. Edited by Ricardus Bentleius and Gilbertus Wakefield, vol. II., London, 1797, p. 328, line 799, with the note: "Ver. 799. sint: Vind. V. ed. B. L. Δ. Π. Σ. in; M. sin: sed nullum esse dubitandi locum de vulgatâ voce censeo.—locos: O. Σ. locis, ut editiones communes; vetustis exemplis universis contra stantibus, non auscultandae.—quosque: sic P. Δ. Π. reliqui omnes, quisque; quae vox quo pacto cum locos in unâ sede morari queat, non invenio. Quod edidi, prius ex conjecturâ scripseram, quam libros ullos noverim concordantes. In locos autem exquisitissime dictum est pro vulgari in locis: me videas ad i. 889. Hyginus, fab. xli. "Quem pater cum mitteret, praedixit ei, ut, si victor reverteretur, vela candida in novem haberet." Qui locus incontinentes correctorum manus expertus est, Munckero tamen merito defensus. Idem, fab. cxxxix. "Juno autem Jovem in Cretensi insulâ detulit."
- Titi Lucretii Cari de rerum natura libri sex. Edited by P. Aug. Lemaire, vol. I., Paris, 1838, p. 526, line 800, with the note: "800. Locos in quosque. Vulgo locis in queisque, vetustis exemplis universis contra stantibus. In locos autem exquisitissime dictum pro vulgari in locis, vide ad I, 889. Wak."
- Bonfante, Giuliano; Bonfante, Larissa (1999) The Origin of the Romance Languages, page 100: “The Latin pronouns aliquis, unusquique, quisque survive in Old Sardinian (alikis, uniskis, unukis, kis) in the sense of ‘each’ (Meyer-Lübke, Altlog., 41; Wagner p. 129), which aliquis did not have in Latin.”
Spanish
Alternative forms
- quisqui
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin quisque.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkiske/ [ˈkis.ke]
- Rhymes: -iske
- Syllabification: quis‧que
Noun
quisque m (uncountable)
- (informal) person, someone
- todo quisque ― everyone
Further reading
- “quisque”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014