-ar
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ar"
English
Etymology 1
From Latin -āris (“of, pertaining to”).
Suffix
-ar
- Of, near, or pertaining to; adjective suffix appended to various words, often nouns, to make an adjective form. Often added to words of Latin origin, but used with other words also.
- pole + -ar → polar
- line + -ar → linear
- molecule + -ar → molecular
- alveolus + -ar → alveolar
- column + -ar → columnar
- Synonyms: -al, -an, -ary, -ese, -ic, -id, -ish, -like, -oid, -ory, -ous, -y
Usage notes
See usage notes at -al.
Translations
of, near, or pertaining to
|
Etymology 2
From Latin -ārius or French -aire.
Suffix
-ar
- Forming nouns such as vicar, exemplar, bursar, etc.
Etymology 3
From Middle English -ar, -are, variant of Middle English -ere, from Old English -ere. More at -er.
Suffix
-ar
- Forming nouns such as beggar, liar, pedlar, etc.
Etymology 4
Clipping of star.; modelled after the earlier coinages pulsar and quasar.
Suffix
-ar
- (astronomy) Used to form names of star types, such as magnetar, collapsar, etc.
Coordinate terms
- aster-
- astro-
- helio-
- solar
- starry
- stellar
Derived terms
English terms suffixed with -ar
Anagrams
- RA, Ra
Aromanian
Alternative forms
- -aru, -ariu
Etymology
From Latin -ārius, -ārium. Compare Daco-Romanian -ar.
Suffix
-ar m
- suffix used to denote a profession or craft
Derived terms
Aromanian terms suffixed with -ar
Azerbaijani
Suffix
| preceding vowel | ||
|---|---|---|
| A / I / O / U | E / Ə / İ / Ö / Ü | |
| postconsonantal | -ar | -ər |
| postvocalic | -yar | -yər |
-ar
- Postconsonantal form of -ər after the vowels A / I / O / U.
Basque
Suffix
-ar
- Alternative form of -tar
Derived terms
Basque terms suffixed with -ar
Etymology 2
From ar (“male”).
Suffix
-ar
- male (animals)
- katu (“cat”) + -ar → katar (“tomcat”)
Suffix
-ar
- [+verbal noun] about to
- Itxaron, bukatzear nago. ― Wait, I'll finish in a moment.
Further reading
- “-ar” in Labayru Hiztegia
Catalan
Etymology 1
From Latin -āris (“of, pertaining to”).
Suffix
-ar (masculine and feminine plural -ars)
- -ar; used to form adjectives of one form indicating that the noun that is modified by the adjective is pertaining to the root word used to form the adjective.
Suffix
-ar m (plural -ars)
- Used to form nouns indicating where a given crop is grown.
- taronger (“orange tree”) + -ar → tarongerar (“orange grove”)
- Used to form nouns indicating where something is usually found.
- canyís (“common reed”) + -ar → canyissar (“reed bed”)
Etymology 2
From Latin -āre.
Suffix
-ar (first-person singular present -o, past participle -at)
- Used to form first conjugation verbs indicating an action related to the root word.
- col·lecció (“collection”) + -ar → col·leccionar (“to collect”)
Conjugation
Conjugation of -ar (first conjugation)
| infinitive | -ar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | -ant | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | -at | -ada | |||||
| plural | -ats | -ades | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | -o | -es | -a | -em | -eu | -en | |
| imperfect | -ava | -aves | -ava | -àvem | -àveu | -aven | |
| future | -aré | -aràs | -arà | -arem | -areu | -aran | |
| preterite | -í | -ares | -à | -àrem | -àreu | -aren | |
| conditional | -aria | -aries | -aria | -aríem | -aríeu | -arien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | -i | -is | -i | -em | -eu | -in | |
| imperfect | -és | -essis | -és | -éssim | -éssiu | -essin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
| — | -a | -i | -em | -eu | -in | ||
Derived terms
Catalan terms suffixed with -ar
Further reading
- “-ar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “-ar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
Galician
Etymology 1
From Latin -āris (“of, pertaining to”).
Suffix
-ar (plural -ares)
- -ar; used to form adjectives of one form indicating that the noun that is modified by the adjective is pertaining to the root word used to form the adjective.
- molécula (“molecule”) + -ar → molecular (“molecular”)
Etymology 2
From Latin -āre.
Suffix
-ar
- Used to form first conjugation verbs indicating an action related to the root word.
- fragmento (“fragment”) + -ar → fragmentar (“to fragment”)
Conjugation
Conjugation of -ar
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| impersonal | -ar | |||||
| personal | -ar | -ares | -ar | -armos | -ardes | -aren |
| Gerund | ||||||
| -ando | ||||||
| Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
| masculine | -ado | -ados | ||||
| feminine | -ada | -adas | ||||
| Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | -o | -as | -a | -amos | -ades | -an |
| imperfect | -aba | -abas | -aba | -abamos | -abades | -aban |
| preterite | -ei | -aches | -ou | -amos | -astes | -aron |
| pluperfect | -ara | -aras | -ara | -aramos | -arades | -aran |
| future | -arei | -arás | -ará | -aremos | -aredes | -arán |
| conditional | -aría | -arías | -aría | -ariamos | -ariades | -arían |
| Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | -e | -es | -e | -emos | -edes | -en |
| preterite | -ase | -ases | -ase | -ásemos | -ásedes | -asen |
| future | -ar | -ares | -ar | -armos | -ardes | -aren |
| Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| affirmative | – | -a | -e | -emos | -ade | -en |
| negative | – | -es | -e | -emos | -edes | -en |
Derived terms
Galician terms suffixed with -ar
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from French -er, Italian -are, Spanish -ar, from Latin -āre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈar/
Suffix
-ar
- This ending denotes the present infinitive form of a verb.
- Me volas komprar ca objekto. ― I want to buy this thing.
Derived terms
Ido terms suffixed with -ar
Related terms
- -ir (past infinitive tense)
- -or (future infinitive tense)
Interlingua
Suffix
-ar
- Added to a noun root word, this forms a verb meaning to apply or make use of the root.
- Added to an adjectival root word, this forms a verb meaning to render/make (adjective) the object of the verb.
See also
- -isar
- -ificar
Latin
Alternative forms
- -āre
- -al, -āle (when not preceded by l)
- -ārium
Etymology
From apocope of final e in -āre, neuter of -āris, dissimilated form (after a preceding l) of -ālis.
Suffix
-ar n (genitive -āris); third declension
- noun-forming suffix
Declension
Third-declension noun (neuter, “pure” i-stem).
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -ar | -āria |
| Genitive | -āris | -ārium |
| Dative | -ārī | -āribus |
| Accusative | -ar | -āria |
| Ablative | -ārī | -āribus |
| Vocative | -ar | -āria |
Derived terms
Latin terms suffixed with -ar
Ngarrindjeri
Suffix
-ar
- Suffix meaning many and used to denote a plural.
- mimini (“woman”) + -ar → miminar (“women”)
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑr/
Etymology 1
From Old Norse -ar, the nominative plural ending for masculine a-stem and feminine o-stem nouns.
Suffix
-ar m or f
- Used to form regular indefinite plurals of most masculine nouns.
- gut (“boy”) + -ar → gutar (“boys”)
- Used to form regular indefinite plurals of some feminine nouns.
- gjerning (“act”) + -ar → gjerningar (“acts”)
See also
- -ane
- -en
Etymology 2
From Old Norse -ar, the genitive singular ending for strong feminine nouns and masculine i- and u-stem nouns.
Alternative forms
- -a
Interfix
-ar m or f
- Used to form indefinite genitive singulars of strong feminine nouns and some strong masculine nouns, used in frozen expressions.
- Ein fredar mann. ― A peaceful man/person.
Etymology 3
From Old Norse -ari.
Alternative forms
- -ari, -are, -ær (dialectal)
Suffix
-ar m
- Used to form nouns from verbs, a person who performs the action of the verb.
- Ein som lever av å baka, er ein bakar. ― One who makes his living baking is a baker.
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitan -ar, from Latin -āre, infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈa/
Suffix
-ar
- Suffix of verbs of the first conjugation
Conjugation
Lengadocian (Central Occitan)| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | -ar | aver -at | |||||
| gerund | -ant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | -at | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | -i | -as | -a | -am | -atz | -an | |
| imperfect | -avi | -avas | -ava | -àvem | -àvetz | -avan | |
| preterite | -èri | -ères | -èt | -èrem | -èretz | -èron | |
| future | -arai | -aràs | -arà | -arem | -aretz | -aràn | |
| conditional | -ariái | -ariás | -ariá | -ariam | -ariatz | -arián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | -èra | -èras | -èra | -eram | -eratz | -èran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | -e | -es | -e | -em | -etz | -en | |
| imperfect | -èssi | -èsses | -èsse | -èssem | -èssetz | -èsson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| -a | -em | -atz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Auvernhàs| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | -ar | aver -at | |||||
| gerund | -ant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | -at | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | -e | -es | -a | -am | -atz | -on | |
| imperfect | -ave | -aves | -ava | -aviam | -aviatz | -avon | |
| preterite | -ere | -eres | -et | -em | -etz | -eron | |
| future | -arai | -aràs | -ará | -arem | -aretz | -arán | |
| conditional | -ariá | -ariás | -ariá | -ariam | -ariatz | -arián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | -èra | -èras | -èra | -eram | -eratz | -èran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | -e | -es | -e | -assiam | -assiatz | -on | |
| imperfect | -esse | -esses | -esse | -essiam | -essiatz | -esson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| -a | -assiam | -atz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Gascon| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | -ar | aver -at | |||||
| gerund | -ant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | -at | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | -i | -as | -a | -am | -atz | -an | |
| imperfect | -avi | -avas | -ava | -àvam | -àvatz | -avan | |
| preterite | -èi | -ès | -è | -èm | -ètz | -èn | |
| future | -arèi | -aràs | -arà | -aram | -aratz | -aràn | |
| conditional | -arí | -arés | -aré | -arem | -aretz | -arén | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | -èra | -èras | -èra | -eram | -eratz | -èran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | -i | -es | -e | -em | -etz | -en | |
| imperfect | -èssi | -èsses | -èsse | -èssem | -èssetz | -èssen | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| -a | -em | -atz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Lemosin| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | -ar | aver -at | |||||
| gerund | -ant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | -at | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | -e | -as | -a | -am | -atz | -an | |
| imperfect | -ava | -avas | -ava | -àvam | -àvatz | -avan | |
| preterite | -ei | -eras | -et | -èram | -èratz | -eran | |
| future | -arai | -aràs | -ará | -arem | -aretz | -arán | |
| conditional | -ariá | -ariàs | -ariá | -ariam | -ariatz | -arián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | -èra | -èras | -èra | -eram | -eratz | -èran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | -e | -es | -e | -em | -etz | -en | |
| imperfect | -èsse | -èsses | -èsse | -èssem | -èssetz | -èssen | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| -a | -em | -atz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Provençau| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | -ar | aver -at | |||||
| gerund | -ant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
| past participle | -at | — | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
| present | -e | -es | -a | -am | -atz | -an | |
| imperfect | -avi | -avas | -ava | -àvem | -àvetz | -avan | |
| preterite | -ère | -ères | -èt | -eriam | -eriatz | -èron | |
| future | -arai | -aràs | -arà | -arem | -aretz | -aràn | |
| conditional | -ariáu | -ariás | -ariá | -ariam | -ariatz | -arián | |
| conditional 2nd form1 | -èra | -èras | -èra | -eram | -eratz | -èran | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
| present | -e | -es | -e | -em | -etz | -an | |
| imperfect | -èsse | -èsses | -èsse | -essiam | -essiatz | -èsson | |
| compound tenses | past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
| -a | -em | -atz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Old Norse
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
-ar
- plural (clarification of this definition is needed)
- possessive (Can we add an example for this sense?)
Portuguese
Etymology 1
From Old Portuguese -ar, from Latin -āre, infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈa(ʁ)/ [ˈa(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ˈa(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ˈa(ʁ)/ [ˈa(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈa(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈaɾ/
- (Caipira) IPA(key): [ˈaɻ]
- (Nordestino) IPA(key): [ˈa(ʁ)]
- Rhymes: (Portugal, São Paulo) -aɾ, (Brazil) -aʁ, (Brazil, with r-dropping) -a
Suffix
-ar (verb-forming suffix, first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -ei, past participle -ado)
- forms the impersonal infinitive of first-conjugation verbs
- forms the first-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs
- forms the third-person singular infinitive of first-conjugation verbs
Conjugation
Conjugation of -ar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | -ar | |||||
| Personal | -ar | -ares | -ar | -armos | -ardes | -arem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| -ando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | -ado | -ados | ||||
| Feminine | -ada | -adas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | -o | -as | -a | -amos | -ais | -am |
| Imperfect | -ava | -avas | -ava | -ávamos | -áveis | -avam |
| Preterite | -ei | -aste | -ou | -amos1, -ámos2 | -astes | -aram |
| Pluperfect | -ara | -aras | -ara | -áramos | -áreis | -aram |
| Future | -arei | -arás | -ará | -aremos | -areis | -arão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| -aria | -arias | -aria | -aríamos | -aríeis | -ariam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | -e | -es | -e | -emos | -eis | -em |
| Imperfect | -asse | -asses | -asse | -ássemos | -ásseis | -assem |
| Future | -ar | -ares | -ar | -armos | -ardes | -arem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | -a | -e | -emos | -ai | -em | |
| Negative (não) | não -es | não -e | não -emos | não -eis | não -em | |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Etymology 2
From Old Portuguese -ar, from Latin -āris.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈaʁ/ [ˈah]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ˈaɾ/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ˈaʁ/ [ˈaχ]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈaɻ/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈaɾ/
- Rhymes: (Portugal, São Paulo) -aɾ, (Brazil) -aʁ
Suffix
-ar m or f (adjective-forming suffix, plural -ares)
- forms adjectives from nouns, especially those that already contain an L; -ar
- Synonyms: -al, -ário
Romanian
Alternative forms
- -ariu (archaic)
Etymology
From Latin -ārium, accusative of -ārius.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ar/
Suffix
-ar m (plural -ari)
- Added to a word to denote a profession or craft; -er
- roată (“wheel”) + -ar → rotar (“wheeler”)
- oală (“pot”) + -ar → olar (“potter”)
- fier (“iron”) + -ar → fierar (“blacksmith”)
- vacă (“cow”) + -ar → văcar (“cowherd”)
- porc (“pig”) + -ar → porcar (“swineherd”)
Declension
Declension of -ar
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
| nominative/accusative | (un) -ar | -arul | (niște) -ari | -arii |
| genitive/dative | (unui) -ar | -arului | (unor) -ari | -arilor |
| vocative | -arule | -arilor | ||
Derived terms
Romanian terms suffixed with -ar
See also
- -tor
- -easă
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *-ařь.
Suffix
-ar (Cyrillic spelling -ар)
- Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, a person who does something, or an animal who does something.
Derived terms
Serbo-Croatian terms suffixed with -ar
See also
- -ičar
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *-ařь.
Suffix
-ar m
- Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun.
Derived terms
Slovene terms suffixed with -ar
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈaɾ/ [ˈaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: -ar
Etymology 1
From Latin -āris.
Suffix
-ar (plural -ares)
- In adjectives, indicating membership or status
- gránulo (“granule”) + -ar → granular (“granular”)
- testículo (“testicle”) + -ar → testicular (“testicular”)
Suffix
-ar m (plural -ares)
- In nouns, indicating a place where something is grown
- anís (“anise”) + -ar → anisar (“anise field”)
- haba (“bean”) + -ar → habar (“bean patch”)
- sandía (“watermelon”) + -ar → sandiar (“watermelon patch”)
- Synonym: -al
Derived terms
Spanish terms suffixed with -ar
Etymology 2
From Latin -āre, the infinitive ending of first conjugation verbs.
Suffix
-ar (first-person singular present -o, first-person singular preterite -é, past participle -ado)
- Used to form first conjugation verbs indicating an action related to the root word.
- programa (“program”) + -ar → programar (“to schedule”)
Conjugation
Conjugation of -ar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | -ar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | -ando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | -ado | -ada | |||||
| plural | -ados | -adas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | -o | -astú -ásvos | -a | -amos | -áis | -an | |
| imperfect | -aba | -abas | -aba | -ábamos | -abais | -aban | |
| preterite | -é | -aste | -ó | -amos | -asteis | -aron | |
| future | -aré | -arás | -ará | -aremos | -aréis | -arán | |
| conditional | -aría | -arías | -aría | -aríamos | -aríais | -arían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | -e | -estú -ésvos2 | -e | -emos | -éis | -en | |
| imperfect (ra) | -ara | -aras | -ara | -áramos | -arais | -aran | |
| imperfect (se) | -ase | -ases | -ase | -ásemos | -aseis | -asen | |
| future1 | -are | -ares | -are | -áremos | -areis | -aren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | -atú -ávos | -e | -emos | -ad | -en | ||
| negative | no -es | no -e | no -emos | no -éis | no -en | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of -ar
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive -ar | |||||||
| dative | -arme | -arte | -arle, -arse | -arnos | -aros | -arles, -arse | |
| accusative | -arme | -arte | -arlo, -arla, -arse | -arnos | -aros | -arlos, -arlas, -arse | |
| with gerund -ando | |||||||
| dative | -ándome | -ándote | -ándole, -ándose | -ándonos | -ándoos | -ándoles, -ándose | |
| accusative | -ándome | -ándote | -ándolo, -ándola, -ándose | -ándonos | -ándoos | -ándolos, -ándolas, -ándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative -a | |||||||
| dative | -ame | -ate | -ale | -anos | not used | -ales | |
| accusative | -ame | -ate | -alo, -ala | -anos | not used | -alos, -alas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative -á | |||||||
| dative | -ame | -ate | -ale | -anos | not used | -ales | |
| accusative | -ame | -ate | -alo, -ala | -anos | not used | -alos, -alas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative -e | |||||||
| dative | -eme | not used | -ele, -ese | -enos | not used | -eles | |
| accusative | -eme | not used | -elo, -ela, -ese | -enos | not used | -elos, -elas | |
| with first-person plural imperative -emos | |||||||
| dative | not used | -émoste | -émosle | -émonos | -émoos | -émosles | |
| accusative | not used | -émoste | -émoslo, -émosla | -émonos | -émoos | -émoslos, -émoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative -ad | |||||||
| dative | -adme | not used | -adle | -adnos | -aos | -adles | |
| accusative | -adme | not used | -adlo, -adla | -adnos | -aos | -adlos, -adlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative -en | |||||||
| dative | -enme | not used | -enle | -ennos | not used | -enles, -ense | |
| accusative | -enme | not used | -enlo, -enla | -ennos | not used | -enlos, -enlas, -ense | |
See also
- -er
- -ir
Further reading
- “-ar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
Suffix
-ar
- Suffix for the indefinite plural form of nouns of the second declension.
- Suffix for the present tense, active voice, indicative mood for the absolute majority of Swedish verbs.
Usage notes
For verbs, it is more customary to identify the -a of this 'suffix' as belonging to the stem of the verb, and thus only consider -r to be the suffix. However, the verbs which in present tense ends in the letters -ar are commonly called -ar-verbs, as to differentiate them from -er-verbs and verbs which doesn't end in -a in infinitive.
Turkish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /aɾ/
Etymology 1
Form of -er after the vowels A / I / O / U.
Suffix
-ar
- Simple present and aorist tense marker.
Etymology 2
Form of -er after the vowels A / I / O / U.
Suffix
-ar
- Makes adjectives out of verbs.
- Makes nouns out of verbs.
Etymology 3
Post-consonantal form of -er after the vowels A / I / O / U.
Suffix
-ar
- Derives distributive numbers.
Etymology 4
From Ottoman Turkish ـر (-r, -er, -ar), from Proto-Turkic *-gar[1].
Suffix
-ar
- Derives Intransitive verbs from names of colors.
- kara (“black”) + -ar → kararmak (“to turn black, to darken”)
- ak (“white, light”) + -ar → ağarmak (“to turn white, to whiten”)
- mor (“purple”) + -ar → morarmak (“to turn purple, to bruise”)
- Derives Transitive verbs from nouns.
- ev (“home, house”) + -er → evermak (“to marry off”)
- ön (“front, ahead”) + -er → önermek (“to put forward, to propose”)
References
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), "+gAr-" - in Nişanyan Sözlük
Welsh
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *-ar, from Proto-Celtic *-aros, from Proto-Indo-European *-Hrós.[1] (See byddar (“deaf”).)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ar/
Suffix
-ar
- adjectival suffix
- cynt (“before, earlier”) + -ar → cynnar (“early”)
- diwedd (“end”) + -ar → diweddar (“late”)
Derived terms
Welsh terms suffixed with -ar
References
- Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 153 i (4)
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ar”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies