qopha

Zulu

Verb

-qopha

(transitive) to cut out, to notch, to peck
(transitive) to record (sound etc.)
(transitive) to ornament (with beadwork)
(transitive) to mark, to mark off, to indicate
(transitive) to analyze, to scrutinize

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuqopha
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuqopha	ukungaqophi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	qopha	-qophe
Plural	qophani	-qopheni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaqopha, ngiqopha	engiqophayo, engiqopha	ngiqopha	angiqophi	engingaqophi	ngingaqophi
2nd singular	uyaqopha, uqopha	oqophayo, oqopha	uqopha	awuqophi	ongaqophi	ungaqophi
1st plural	siyaqopha, siqopha	esiqophayo, esiqopha	siqopha	asiqophi	esingaqophi	singaqophi
2nd plural	niyaqopha, niqopha	eniqophayo, eniqopha	niqopha	aniqophi	eningaqophi	ningaqophi
Class 1	uyaqopha, uqopha	oqophayo, oqopha	eqopha	akaqophi	ongaqophi	engaqophi
Class 2	bayaqopha, baqopha	abaqophayo, abaqopha	beqopha	abaqophi	abangaqophi	bengaqophi
Class 3	uyaqopha, uqopha	oqophayo, oqopha	uqopha	awuqophi	ongaqophi	ungaqophi
Class 4	iyaqopha, iqopha	eqophayo, eqopha	iqopha	ayiqophi	engaqophi	ingaqophi
Class 5	liyaqopha, liqopha	eliqophayo, eliqopha	liqopha	aliqophi	elingaqophi	lingaqophi
Class 6	ayaqopha, aqopha	aqophayo, aqopha	eqopha	awaqophi	angaqophi	engaqophi
Class 7	siyaqopha, siqopha	esiqophayo, esiqopha	siqopha	asiqophi	esingaqophi	singaqophi
Class 8	ziyaqopha, ziqopha	eziqophayo, eziqopha	ziqopha	aziqophi	ezingaqophi	zingaqophi
Class 9	iyaqopha, iqopha	eqophayo, eqopha	iqopha	ayiqophi	engaqophi	ingaqophi
Class 10	ziyaqopha, ziqopha	eziqophayo, eziqopha	ziqopha	aziqophi	ezingaqophi	zingaqophi
Class 11	luyaqopha, luqopha	oluqophayo, oluqopha	luqopha	aluqophi	olungaqophi	lungaqophi
Class 14	buyaqopha, buqopha	obuqophayo, obuqopha	buqopha	abuqophi	obungaqophi	bungaqophi
Class 15	kuyaqopha, kuqopha	okuqophayo, okuqopha	kuqopha	akuqophi	okungaqophi	kungaqophi
Class 17	kuyaqopha, kuqopha	okuqophayo, okuqopha	kuqopha	akuqophi	okungaqophi	kungaqophi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiqophile, ngiqophē	engiqophile, engiqophē	ngiqophile, ngiqophē	angiqophanga	engingaqophanga	ngingaqophanga
2nd singular	uqophile, uqophē	oqophile, oqophē	uqophile, uqophē	awuqophanga	ongaqophanga	ungaqophanga
1st plural	siqophile, siqophē	esiqophile, esiqophē	siqophile, siqophē	asiqophanga	esingaqophanga	singaqophanga
2nd plural	niqophile, niqophē	eniqophile, eniqophē	niqophile, niqophē	aniqophanga	eningaqophanga	ningaqophanga
Class 1	uqophile, uqophē	oqophile, oqophē	eqophile, eqophē	akaqophanga	ongaqophanga	engaqophanga
Class 2	baqophile, baqophē	abaqophile, abaqophē	beqophile, beqophē	abaqophanga	abangaqophanga	bengaqophanga
Class 3	uqophile, uqophē	oqophile, oqophē	uqophile, uqophē	awuqophanga	ongaqophanga	ungaqophanga
Class 4	iqophile, iqophē	eqophile, eqophē	iqophile, iqophē	ayiqophanga	engaqophanga	ingaqophanga
Class 5	liqophile, liqophē	eliqophile, eliqophē	liqophile, liqophē	aliqophanga	elingaqophanga	lingaqophanga
Class 6	aqophile, aqophē	aqophile, aqophē	eqophile, eqophē	awaqophanga	angaqophanga	engaqophanga
Class 7	siqophile, siqophē	esiqophile, esiqophē	siqophile, siqophē	asiqophanga	esingaqophanga	singaqophanga
Class 8	ziqophile, ziqophē	eziqophile, eziqophē	ziqophile, ziqophē	aziqophanga	ezingaqophanga	zingaqophanga
Class 9	iqophile, iqophē	eqophile, eqophē	iqophile, iqophē	ayiqophanga	engaqophanga	ingaqophanga
Class 10	ziqophile, ziqophē	eziqophile, eziqophē	ziqophile, ziqophē	aziqophanga	ezingaqophanga	zingaqophanga
Class 11	luqophile, luqophē	oluqophile, oluqophē	luqophile, luqophē	aluqophanga	olungaqophanga	lungaqophanga
Class 14	buqophile, buqophē	obuqophile, obuqophē	buqophile, buqophē	abuqophanga	obungaqophanga	bungaqophanga
Class 15	kuqophile, kuqophē	okuqophile, okuqophē	kuqophile, kuqophē	akuqophanga	okungaqophanga	kungaqophanga
Class 17	kuqophile, kuqophē	okuqophile, okuqophē	kuqophile, kuqophē	akuqophanga	okungaqophanga	kungaqophanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāqopha	engāqopha	ngāqopha	angiqophanga	engingaqophanga	ngingaqophanga
2nd singular	wāqopha	owāqopha	wāqopha	awuqophanga	ongaqophanga	ungaqophanga
1st plural	sāqopha	esāqopha	sāqopha	asiqophanga	esingaqophanga	singaqophanga
2nd plural	nāqopha	enāqopha	nāqopha	aniqophanga	eningaqophanga	ningaqophanga
Class 1	wāqopha	owāqopha	āqopha	akaqophanga	ongaqophanga	engaqophanga
Class 2	bāqopha	abāqopha	bāqopha	abaqophanga	abangaqophanga	bengaqophanga
Class 3	wāqopha	owāqopha	wāqopha	awuqophanga	ongaqophanga	ungaqophanga
Class 4	yāqopha	eyāqopha	yāqopha	ayiqophanga	engaqophanga	ingaqophanga
Class 5	lāqopha	elāqopha	lāqopha	aliqophanga	elingaqophanga	lingaqophanga
Class 6	āqopha	āqopha	āqopha	awaqophanga	angaqophanga	engaqophanga
Class 7	sāqopha	esāqopha	sāqopha	asiqophanga	esingaqophanga	singaqophanga
Class 8	zāqopha	ezāqopha	zāqopha	aziqophanga	ezingaqophanga	zingaqophanga
Class 9	yāqopha	eyāqopha	yāqopha	ayiqophanga	engaqophanga	ingaqophanga
Class 10	zāqopha	ezāqopha	zāqopha	aziqophanga	ezingaqophanga	zingaqophanga
Class 11	lwāqopha	olwāqopha	lwāqopha	aluqophanga	olungaqophanga	lungaqophanga
Class 14	bāqopha	obāqopha	bāqopha	abuqophanga	obungaqophanga	bungaqophanga
Class 15	kwāqopha	okwāqopha	kwāqopha	akuqophanga	okungaqophanga	kungaqophanga
Class 17	kwāqopha	okwāqopha	kwāqopha	akuqophanga	okungaqophanga	kungaqophanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaqopha	—	ngingaqopha	ngingeqophe	—	ngingeqophe
2nd singular	ungaqopha	—	ungaqopha	ungeqophe	—	ungeqophe
1st plural	singaqopha	—	singaqopha	singeqophe	—	singeqophe
2nd plural	ningaqopha	—	ningaqopha	ningeqophe	—	ningeqophe
Class 1	angaqopha	—	engaqopha	angeqophe	—	engeqophe
Class 2	bangaqopha	—	bengaqopha	bangeqophe	—	bengeqophe
Class 3	ungaqopha	—	ungaqopha	ungeqophe	—	ungeqophe
Class 4	ingaqopha	—	ingaqopha	ingeqophe	—	ingeqophe
Class 5	lingaqopha	—	lingaqopha	lingeqophe	—	lingeqophe
Class 6	angaqopha	—	engaqopha	angeqophe	—	engeqophe
Class 7	singaqopha	—	singaqopha	singeqophe	—	singeqophe
Class 8	zingaqopha	—	zingaqopha	zingeqophe	—	zingeqophe
Class 9	ingaqopha	—	ingaqopha	ingeqophe	—	ingeqophe
Class 10	zingaqopha	—	zingaqopha	zingeqophe	—	zingeqophe
Class 11	lungaqopha	—	lungaqopha	lungeqophe	—	lungeqophe
Class 14	bungaqopha	—	bungaqopha	bungeqophe	—	bungeqophe
Class 15	kungaqopha	—	kungaqopha	kungeqophe	—	kungeqophe
Class 17	kungaqopha	—	kungaqopha	kungeqophe	—	kungeqophe
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoqopha	engizoqopha	ngizoqopha	angizuqopha	—	ngingezuqopha
2nd singular	uzoqopha	ozoqopha	uzoqopha	awuzuqopha	—	ungezuqopha
1st plural	sizoqopha	esizoqopha	sizoqopha	asizuqopha	—	singezuqopha
2nd plural	nizoqopha	enizoqopha	nizoqopha	anizuqopha	—	ningezuqopha
Class 1	uzoqopha	ozoqopha	ezoqopha	akazuqopha	—	engezuqopha
Class 2	bazoqopha	abazoqopha	bezoqopha	abazuqopha	—	bengezuqopha
Class 3	uzoqopha	ozoqopha	uzoqopha	awuzuqopha	—	ungezuqopha
Class 4	izoqopha	ezoqopha	izoqopha	ayizuqopha	—	ingezuqopha
Class 5	lizoqopha	elizoqopha	lizoqopha	alizuqopha	—	lingezuqopha
Class 6	azoqopha	azoqopha	ezoqopha	awazuqopha	—	engezuqopha
Class 7	sizoqopha	esizoqopha	sizoqopha	asizuqopha	—	singezuqopha
Class 8	zizoqopha	ezizoqopha	zizoqopha	azizuqopha	—	zingezuqopha
Class 9	izoqopha	ezoqopha	izoqopha	ayizuqopha	—	ingezuqopha
Class 10	zizoqopha	ezizoqopha	zizoqopha	azizuqopha	—	zingezuqopha
Class 11	luzoqopha	oluzoqopha	luzoqopha	aluzuqopha	—	lungezuqopha
Class 14	buzoqopha	obuzoqopha	buzoqopha	abuzuqopha	—	bungezuqopha
Class 15	kuzoqopha	okuzoqopha	kuzoqopha	akuzuqopha	—	kungezuqopha
Class 17	kuzoqopha	okuzoqopha	kuzoqopha	akuzuqopha	—	kungezuqopha
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoqopha	engiyoqopha	ngiyoqopha	angiyuqopha	—	ngingeyuqopha
2nd singular	uyoqopha	oyoqopha	uyoqopha	awuyuqopha	—	ungeyuqopha
1st plural	siyoqopha	esiyoqopha	siyoqopha	asiyuqopha	—	singeyuqopha
2nd plural	niyoqopha	eniyoqopha	niyoqopha	aniyuqopha	—	ningeyuqopha
Class 1	uyoqopha	oyoqopha	eyoqopha	akayuqopha	—	engeyuqopha
Class 2	bayoqopha	abayoqopha	beyoqopha	abayuqopha	—	bengeyuqopha
Class 3	uyoqopha	oyoqopha	uyoqopha	awuyuqopha	—	ungeyuqopha
Class 4	iyoqopha	eyoqopha	iyoqopha	ayiyuqopha	—	ingeyuqopha
Class 5	liyoqopha	eliyoqopha	liyoqopha	aliyuqopha	—	lingeyuqopha
Class 6	ayoqopha	ayoqopha	eyoqopha	awayuqopha	—	engeyuqopha
Class 7	siyoqopha	esiyoqopha	siyoqopha	asiyuqopha	—	singeyuqopha
Class 8	ziyoqopha	eziyoqopha	ziyoqopha	aziyuqopha	—	zingeyuqopha
Class 9	iyoqopha	eyoqopha	iyoqopha	ayiyuqopha	—	ingeyuqopha
Class 10	ziyoqopha	eziyoqopha	ziyoqopha	aziyuqopha	—	zingeyuqopha
Class 11	luyoqopha	oluyoqopha	luyoqopha	aluyuqopha	—	lungeyuqopha
Class 14	buyoqopha	obuyoqopha	buyoqopha	abuyuqopha	—	bungeyuqopha
Class 15	kuyoqopha	okuyoqopha	kuyoqopha	akuyuqopha	—	kungeyuqopha
Class 17	kuyoqopha	okuyoqopha	kuyoqopha	akuyuqopha	—	kungeyuqopha
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiqophe	ngingaqophi
2nd singular	uqophe	ungaqophi
1st plural	siqophe	singaqophi
2nd plural	niqophe	ningaqophi
Class 1	aqophe	angaqophi
Class 2	baqophe	bangaqophi
Class 3	uqophe	ungaqophi
Class 4	iqophe	ingaqophi
Class 5	liqophe	lingaqophi
Class 6	aqophe	angaqophi
Class 7	siqophe	singaqophi
Class 8	ziqophe	zingaqophi
Class 9	iqophe	ingaqophi
Class 10	ziqophe	zingaqophi
Class 11	luqophe	lungaqophi
Class 14	buqophe	bungaqophi
Class 15	kuqophe	kungaqophi
Class 17	kuqophe	kungaqophi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaqopha	ngangaqopha, angaqopha, angangaqopha
2nd singular	waqopha	wangaqopha, awaqopha, awangaqopha
1st plural	saqopha	sangaqopha, asaqopha, asangaqopha
2nd plural	naqopha	nangaqopha, anaqopha, anangaqopha
Class 1	waqopha	wangaqopha, akaqopha, akangaqopha
Class 2	baqopha	bangaqopha, abaqopha, abangaqopha
Class 3	waqopha	wangaqopha, awaqopha, awangaqopha
Class 4	yaqopha	yangaqopha, ayaqopha, ayangaqopha
Class 5	laqopha	langaqopha, alaqopha, alangaqopha
Class 6	aqopha	angaqopha, awaqopha, awangaqopha
Class 7	saqopha	sangaqopha, asaqopha, asangaqopha
Class 8	zaqopha	zangaqopha, azaqopha, azangaqopha
Class 9	yaqopha	yangaqopha, ayaqopha, ayangaqopha
Class 10	zaqopha	zangaqopha, azaqopha, azangaqopha
Class 11	lwaqopha	lwangaqopha, alwaqopha, alwangaqopha
Class 14	baqopha	bangaqopha, abaqopha, abangaqopha
Class 15	kwaqopha	kwangaqopha, akwaqopha, akwangaqopha
Class 17	kwaqopha	kwangaqopha, akwaqopha, akwangaqopha

References

C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “qopha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qopha (6.3)”