qhuma
Zulu
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ǃʰuːma/
Verb
-qhuma
- (intransitive) to burst, to explode, to pop
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuqhuma | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuqhuma | ukungaqhumi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | qhuma | -qhume | |||||||
Plural | qhumani | -qhumeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyaqhuma, ngiqhuma | engiqhumayo, engiqhuma | ngiqhuma | angiqhumi | engingaqhumi | ngingaqhumi | |||
2nd singular | uyaqhuma, uqhuma | oqhumayo, oqhuma | uqhuma | awuqhumi | ongaqhumi | ungaqhumi | |||
1st plural | siyaqhuma, siqhuma | esiqhumayo, esiqhuma | siqhuma | asiqhumi | esingaqhumi | singaqhumi | |||
2nd plural | niyaqhuma, niqhuma | eniqhumayo, eniqhuma | niqhuma | aniqhumi | eningaqhumi | ningaqhumi | |||
Class 1 | uyaqhuma, uqhuma | oqhumayo, oqhuma | eqhuma | akaqhumi | ongaqhumi | engaqhumi | |||
Class 2 | bayaqhuma, baqhuma | abaqhumayo, abaqhuma | beqhuma | abaqhumi | abangaqhumi | bengaqhumi | |||
Class 3 | uyaqhuma, uqhuma | oqhumayo, oqhuma | uqhuma | awuqhumi | ongaqhumi | ungaqhumi | |||
Class 4 | iyaqhuma, iqhuma | eqhumayo, eqhuma | iqhuma | ayiqhumi | engaqhumi | ingaqhumi | |||
Class 5 | liyaqhuma, liqhuma | eliqhumayo, eliqhuma | liqhuma | aliqhumi | elingaqhumi | lingaqhumi | |||
Class 6 | ayaqhuma, aqhuma | aqhumayo, aqhuma | eqhuma | awaqhumi | angaqhumi | engaqhumi | |||
Class 7 | siyaqhuma, siqhuma | esiqhumayo, esiqhuma | siqhuma | asiqhumi | esingaqhumi | singaqhumi | |||
Class 8 | ziyaqhuma, ziqhuma | eziqhumayo, eziqhuma | ziqhuma | aziqhumi | ezingaqhumi | zingaqhumi | |||
Class 9 | iyaqhuma, iqhuma | eqhumayo, eqhuma | iqhuma | ayiqhumi | engaqhumi | ingaqhumi | |||
Class 10 | ziyaqhuma, ziqhuma | eziqhumayo, eziqhuma | ziqhuma | aziqhumi | ezingaqhumi | zingaqhumi | |||
Class 11 | luyaqhuma, luqhuma | oluqhumayo, oluqhuma | luqhuma | aluqhumi | olungaqhumi | lungaqhumi | |||
Class 14 | buyaqhuma, buqhuma | obuqhumayo, obuqhuma | buqhuma | abuqhumi | obungaqhumi | bungaqhumi | |||
Class 15 | kuyaqhuma, kuqhuma | okuqhumayo, okuqhuma | kuqhuma | akuqhumi | okungaqhumi | kungaqhumi | |||
Class 17 | kuyaqhuma, kuqhuma | okuqhumayo, okuqhuma | kuqhuma | akuqhumi | okungaqhumi | kungaqhumi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiqhumile, ngiqhumē | engiqhumile, engiqhumē | ngiqhumile, ngiqhumē | angiqhumanga | engingaqhumanga | ngingaqhumanga | |||
2nd singular | uqhumile, uqhumē | oqhumile, oqhumē | uqhumile, uqhumē | awuqhumanga | ongaqhumanga | ungaqhumanga | |||
1st plural | siqhumile, siqhumē | esiqhumile, esiqhumē | siqhumile, siqhumē | asiqhumanga | esingaqhumanga | singaqhumanga | |||
2nd plural | niqhumile, niqhumē | eniqhumile, eniqhumē | niqhumile, niqhumē | aniqhumanga | eningaqhumanga | ningaqhumanga | |||
Class 1 | uqhumile, uqhumē | oqhumile, oqhumē | eqhumile, eqhumē | akaqhumanga | ongaqhumanga | engaqhumanga | |||
Class 2 | baqhumile, baqhumē | abaqhumile, abaqhumē | beqhumile, beqhumē | abaqhumanga | abangaqhumanga | bengaqhumanga | |||
Class 3 | uqhumile, uqhumē | oqhumile, oqhumē | uqhumile, uqhumē | awuqhumanga | ongaqhumanga | ungaqhumanga | |||
Class 4 | iqhumile, iqhumē | eqhumile, eqhumē | iqhumile, iqhumē | ayiqhumanga | engaqhumanga | ingaqhumanga | |||
Class 5 | liqhumile, liqhumē | eliqhumile, eliqhumē | liqhumile, liqhumē | aliqhumanga | elingaqhumanga | lingaqhumanga | |||
Class 6 | aqhumile, aqhumē | aqhumile, aqhumē | eqhumile, eqhumē | awaqhumanga | angaqhumanga | engaqhumanga | |||
Class 7 | siqhumile, siqhumē | esiqhumile, esiqhumē | siqhumile, siqhumē | asiqhumanga | esingaqhumanga | singaqhumanga | |||
Class 8 | ziqhumile, ziqhumē | eziqhumile, eziqhumē | ziqhumile, ziqhumē | aziqhumanga | ezingaqhumanga | zingaqhumanga | |||
Class 9 | iqhumile, iqhumē | eqhumile, eqhumē | iqhumile, iqhumē | ayiqhumanga | engaqhumanga | ingaqhumanga | |||
Class 10 | ziqhumile, ziqhumē | eziqhumile, eziqhumē | ziqhumile, ziqhumē | aziqhumanga | ezingaqhumanga | zingaqhumanga | |||
Class 11 | luqhumile, luqhumē | oluqhumile, oluqhumē | luqhumile, luqhumē | aluqhumanga | olungaqhumanga | lungaqhumanga | |||
Class 14 | buqhumile, buqhumē | obuqhumile, obuqhumē | buqhumile, buqhumē | abuqhumanga | obungaqhumanga | bungaqhumanga | |||
Class 15 | kuqhumile, kuqhumē | okuqhumile, okuqhumē | kuqhumile, kuqhumē | akuqhumanga | okungaqhumanga | kungaqhumanga | |||
Class 17 | kuqhumile, kuqhumē | okuqhumile, okuqhumē | kuqhumile, kuqhumē | akuqhumanga | okungaqhumanga | kungaqhumanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāqhuma | engāqhuma | ngāqhuma | angiqhumanga | engingaqhumanga | ngingaqhumanga | |||
2nd singular | wāqhuma | owāqhuma | wāqhuma | awuqhumanga | ongaqhumanga | ungaqhumanga | |||
1st plural | sāqhuma | esāqhuma | sāqhuma | asiqhumanga | esingaqhumanga | singaqhumanga | |||
2nd plural | nāqhuma | enāqhuma | nāqhuma | aniqhumanga | eningaqhumanga | ningaqhumanga | |||
Class 1 | wāqhuma | owāqhuma | āqhuma | akaqhumanga | ongaqhumanga | engaqhumanga | |||
Class 2 | bāqhuma | abāqhuma | bāqhuma | abaqhumanga | abangaqhumanga | bengaqhumanga | |||
Class 3 | wāqhuma | owāqhuma | wāqhuma | awuqhumanga | ongaqhumanga | ungaqhumanga | |||
Class 4 | yāqhuma | eyāqhuma | yāqhuma | ayiqhumanga | engaqhumanga | ingaqhumanga | |||
Class 5 | lāqhuma | elāqhuma | lāqhuma | aliqhumanga | elingaqhumanga | lingaqhumanga | |||
Class 6 | āqhuma | āqhuma | āqhuma | awaqhumanga | angaqhumanga | engaqhumanga | |||
Class 7 | sāqhuma | esāqhuma | sāqhuma | asiqhumanga | esingaqhumanga | singaqhumanga | |||
Class 8 | zāqhuma | ezāqhuma | zāqhuma | aziqhumanga | ezingaqhumanga | zingaqhumanga | |||
Class 9 | yāqhuma | eyāqhuma | yāqhuma | ayiqhumanga | engaqhumanga | ingaqhumanga | |||
Class 10 | zāqhuma | ezāqhuma | zāqhuma | aziqhumanga | ezingaqhumanga | zingaqhumanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāqhuma | olwāqhuma | lwāqhuma | aluqhumanga | olungaqhumanga | lungaqhumanga | |||
Class 14 | bāqhuma | obāqhuma | bāqhuma | abuqhumanga | obungaqhumanga | bungaqhumanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāqhuma | okwāqhuma | kwāqhuma | akuqhumanga | okungaqhumanga | kungaqhumanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāqhuma | okwāqhuma | kwāqhuma | akuqhumanga | okungaqhumanga | kungaqhumanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingaqhuma | — | ngingaqhuma | ngingeqhume | — | ngingeqhume | |||
2nd singular | ungaqhuma | — | ungaqhuma | ungeqhume | — | ungeqhume | |||
1st plural | singaqhuma | — | singaqhuma | singeqhume | — | singeqhume | |||
2nd plural | ningaqhuma | — | ningaqhuma | ningeqhume | — | ningeqhume | |||
Class 1 | angaqhuma | — | engaqhuma | angeqhume | — | engeqhume | |||
Class 2 | bangaqhuma | — | bengaqhuma | bangeqhume | — | bengeqhume | |||
Class 3 | ungaqhuma | — | ungaqhuma | ungeqhume | — | ungeqhume | |||
Class 4 | ingaqhuma | — | ingaqhuma | ingeqhume | — | ingeqhume | |||
Class 5 | lingaqhuma | — | lingaqhuma | lingeqhume | — | lingeqhume | |||
Class 6 | angaqhuma | — | engaqhuma | angeqhume | — | engeqhume | |||
Class 7 | singaqhuma | — | singaqhuma | singeqhume | — | singeqhume | |||
Class 8 | zingaqhuma | — | zingaqhuma | zingeqhume | — | zingeqhume | |||
Class 9 | ingaqhuma | — | ingaqhuma | ingeqhume | — | ingeqhume | |||
Class 10 | zingaqhuma | — | zingaqhuma | zingeqhume | — | zingeqhume | |||
Class 11 | lungaqhuma | — | lungaqhuma | lungeqhume | — | lungeqhume | |||
Class 14 | bungaqhuma | — | bungaqhuma | bungeqhume | — | bungeqhume | |||
Class 15 | kungaqhuma | — | kungaqhuma | kungeqhume | — | kungeqhume | |||
Class 17 | kungaqhuma | — | kungaqhuma | kungeqhume | — | kungeqhume | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizoqhuma | engizoqhuma | ngizoqhuma | angizuqhuma | engingezuqhuma | ngingezuqhuma | |||
2nd singular | uzoqhuma | ozoqhuma | uzoqhuma | awuzuqhuma | ongezuqhuma | ungezuqhuma | |||
1st plural | sizoqhuma | esizoqhuma | sizoqhuma | asizuqhuma | esingezuqhuma | singezuqhuma | |||
2nd plural | nizoqhuma | enizoqhuma | nizoqhuma | anizuqhuma | eningezuqhuma | ningezuqhuma | |||
Class 1 | uzoqhuma | ozoqhuma | ezoqhuma | akazuqhuma | ongezuqhuma | engezuqhuma | |||
Class 2 | bazoqhuma | abazoqhuma | bezoqhuma | abazuqhuma | abangezuqhuma | bengezuqhuma | |||
Class 3 | uzoqhuma | ozoqhuma | uzoqhuma | awuzuqhuma | ongezuqhuma | ungezuqhuma | |||
Class 4 | izoqhuma | ezoqhuma | izoqhuma | ayizuqhuma | engezuqhuma | ingezuqhuma | |||
Class 5 | lizoqhuma | elizoqhuma | lizoqhuma | alizuqhuma | elingezuqhuma | lingezuqhuma | |||
Class 6 | azoqhuma | azoqhuma | ezoqhuma | awazuqhuma | angezuqhuma | engezuqhuma | |||
Class 7 | sizoqhuma | esizoqhuma | sizoqhuma | asizuqhuma | esingezuqhuma | singezuqhuma | |||
Class 8 | zizoqhuma | ezizoqhuma | zizoqhuma | azizuqhuma | ezingezuqhuma | zingezuqhuma | |||
Class 9 | izoqhuma | ezoqhuma | izoqhuma | ayizuqhuma | engezuqhuma | ingezuqhuma | |||
Class 10 | zizoqhuma | ezizoqhuma | zizoqhuma | azizuqhuma | ezingezuqhuma | zingezuqhuma | |||
Class 11 | luzoqhuma | oluzoqhuma | luzoqhuma | aluzuqhuma | olungezuqhuma | lungezuqhuma | |||
Class 14 | buzoqhuma | obuzoqhuma | buzoqhuma | abuzuqhuma | obungezuqhuma | bungezuqhuma | |||
Class 15 | kuzoqhuma | okuzoqhuma | kuzoqhuma | akuzuqhuma | okungezuqhuma | kungezuqhuma | |||
Class 17 | kuzoqhuma | okuzoqhuma | kuzoqhuma | akuzuqhuma | okungezuqhuma | kungezuqhuma | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyoqhuma | engiyoqhuma | ngiyoqhuma | angiyuqhuma | engingeyuqhuma | ngingeyuqhuma | |||
2nd singular | uyoqhuma | oyoqhuma | uyoqhuma | awuyuqhuma | ongeyuqhuma | ungeyuqhuma | |||
1st plural | siyoqhuma | esiyoqhuma | siyoqhuma | asiyuqhuma | esingeyuqhuma | singeyuqhuma | |||
2nd plural | niyoqhuma | eniyoqhuma | niyoqhuma | aniyuqhuma | eningeyuqhuma | ningeyuqhuma | |||
Class 1 | uyoqhuma | oyoqhuma | eyoqhuma | akayuqhuma | ongeyuqhuma | engeyuqhuma | |||
Class 2 | bayoqhuma | abayoqhuma | beyoqhuma | abayuqhuma | abangeyuqhuma | bengeyuqhuma | |||
Class 3 | uyoqhuma | oyoqhuma | uyoqhuma | awuyuqhuma | ongeyuqhuma | ungeyuqhuma | |||
Class 4 | iyoqhuma | eyoqhuma | iyoqhuma | ayiyuqhuma | engeyuqhuma | ingeyuqhuma | |||
Class 5 | liyoqhuma | eliyoqhuma | liyoqhuma | aliyuqhuma | elingeyuqhuma | lingeyuqhuma | |||
Class 6 | ayoqhuma | ayoqhuma | eyoqhuma | awayuqhuma | angeyuqhuma | engeyuqhuma | |||
Class 7 | siyoqhuma | esiyoqhuma | siyoqhuma | asiyuqhuma | esingeyuqhuma | singeyuqhuma | |||
Class 8 | ziyoqhuma | eziyoqhuma | ziyoqhuma | aziyuqhuma | ezingeyuqhuma | zingeyuqhuma | |||
Class 9 | iyoqhuma | eyoqhuma | iyoqhuma | ayiyuqhuma | engeyuqhuma | ingeyuqhuma | |||
Class 10 | ziyoqhuma | eziyoqhuma | ziyoqhuma | aziyuqhuma | ezingeyuqhuma | zingeyuqhuma | |||
Class 11 | luyoqhuma | oluyoqhuma | luyoqhuma | aluyuqhuma | olungeyuqhuma | lungeyuqhuma | |||
Class 14 | buyoqhuma | obuyoqhuma | buyoqhuma | abuyuqhuma | obungeyuqhuma | bungeyuqhuma | |||
Class 15 | kuyoqhuma | okuyoqhuma | kuyoqhuma | akuyuqhuma | okungeyuqhuma | kungeyuqhuma | |||
Class 17 | kuyoqhuma | okuyoqhuma | kuyoqhuma | akuyuqhuma | okungeyuqhuma | kungeyuqhuma | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngiqhume | ngingaqhumi | |||||||
2nd singular | uqhume | ungaqhumi | |||||||
1st plural | siqhume | singaqhumi | |||||||
2nd plural | niqhume | ningaqhumi | |||||||
Class 1 | aqhume | angaqhumi | |||||||
Class 2 | baqhume | bangaqhumi | |||||||
Class 3 | uqhume | ungaqhumi | |||||||
Class 4 | iqhume | ingaqhumi | |||||||
Class 5 | liqhume | lingaqhumi | |||||||
Class 6 | aqhume | angaqhumi | |||||||
Class 7 | siqhume | singaqhumi | |||||||
Class 8 | ziqhume | zingaqhumi | |||||||
Class 9 | iqhume | ingaqhumi | |||||||
Class 10 | ziqhume | zingaqhumi | |||||||
Class 11 | luqhume | lungaqhumi | |||||||
Class 14 | buqhume | bungaqhumi | |||||||
Class 15 | kuqhume | kungaqhumi | |||||||
Class 17 | kuqhume | kungaqhumi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngaqhuma | ngangaqhuma, angaqhuma, angangaqhuma | |||||||
2nd singular | waqhuma | wangaqhuma, awaqhuma, awangaqhuma | |||||||
1st plural | saqhuma | sangaqhuma, asaqhuma, asangaqhuma | |||||||
2nd plural | naqhuma | nangaqhuma, anaqhuma, anangaqhuma | |||||||
Class 1 | waqhuma | wangaqhuma, akaqhuma, akangaqhuma | |||||||
Class 2 | baqhuma | bangaqhuma, abaqhuma, abangaqhuma | |||||||
Class 3 | waqhuma | wangaqhuma, awaqhuma, awangaqhuma | |||||||
Class 4 | yaqhuma | yangaqhuma, ayaqhuma, ayangaqhuma | |||||||
Class 5 | laqhuma | langaqhuma, alaqhuma, alangaqhuma | |||||||
Class 6 | aqhuma | angaqhuma, awaqhuma, awangaqhuma | |||||||
Class 7 | saqhuma | sangaqhuma, asaqhuma, asangaqhuma | |||||||
Class 8 | zaqhuma | zangaqhuma, azaqhuma, azangaqhuma | |||||||
Class 9 | yaqhuma | yangaqhuma, ayaqhuma, ayangaqhuma | |||||||
Class 10 | zaqhuma | zangaqhuma, azaqhuma, azangaqhuma | |||||||
Class 11 | lwaqhuma | lwangaqhuma, alwaqhuma, alwangaqhuma | |||||||
Class 14 | baqhuma | bangaqhuma, abaqhuma, abangaqhuma | |||||||
Class 15 | kwaqhuma | kwangaqhuma, akwaqhuma, akwangaqhuma | |||||||
Class 17 | kwaqhuma | kwangaqhuma, akwaqhuma, akwangaqhuma |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “qhuma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qhuma (6.3)”