pḏ

pḏ

See also: pd, PD, P.D., p.d., and pꜣḏ

Egyptian

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Afroasiatic *pVg-.[1]

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /pɛd͡ʒ/
  • Conventional anglicization: pedj

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to stretch out, to spread out
2. (transitive) to draw (a bow)

Inflection

Conjugation of pḏ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: pḏ, geminated stem: pḏḏ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
pḏ	pḏw, pḏ	pḏt	pḏ, j.pḏ	pḏ, j.pḏ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
pḏ	ḥr pḏ	m pḏ	r pḏ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	pḏ.n	pḏw, pḏ	consecutive	pḏ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	pḏt
perfective3	pḏ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	pḏ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	pḏ, j.pḏ1	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	pḏ	pḏḏ	potentialis1	pḏ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	pḏ, j.pḏ1	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	pḏ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	pḏ	active + .tj1, .tw2	pḏ	pḏḏ, pḏḏj6, pḏ2, pḏw2 5, pḏy2 5
imperfective	j.pḏ1, pḏ, pḏy, pḏw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	j.pḏ1, j.pḏw1 5, pḏ, pḏj6, pḏy6	pḏ, pḏw5
prospective	pḏ, pḏtj7	—	pḏtj4, pḏt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of pḏ  

pd

Derived terms

• pḏw
• pḏwj
• pḏpḏ
• pḏt
• pḏ nmtt
• pḏ šs

References

• Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 567

1. Orel, Vladimir E.; Stolbova, Olga V. (1995), “*pVg-”, in Hamito-Semitic Etymological Dictionary: Materials for a Reconstruction (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.18), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill