pērn

See also: pern

Latvian

Alternative forms

(archaic form) pērni

Etymology

An old compound, with as first part Proto-Indo-European *per- (“over”), and the second part a different term in different Indo-European languages (in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit, the second term was probably *ut- < *wet- (“year”), i.e., *per-ut(i)-). In the Baltic case, it is possible that the second element was Proto-Indo-European *sénos: *per-sénos > per-enos > Proto-Baltic *pernas > Latvian *per̃ns > pērns, of which pērn would be the adverbial form (cf. archaic pērni). Another possibility is that the second element was a reflex of Proto-Indo-European *en- (“year”) (cf. Old Church Slavonic лани (lani, “last year”), from Proto-Slavic *ol-ni, from the zero grade of *en-). Cognates include Lithuanian pérnai, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃 (fairns, “recent past (thing), past year (thing)”), Old High German firni (“old”), Icelandic forn (“ancient”), Sanskrit परुत् (parút, “last year”), Ancient Greek πέρυσι (pérusi), Irish para- (“past, far; last year”), Persian ‎ (pâr), Ossetian фарон (faron).[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [pǣːɾn]

Adverb

pērn

last year
tas notika pērn ― this happened last year
šis ir pirmā gada mežs! pērn iesējām ― this is a first-year forest! last year we sowed
mēs iepazināmies vai, pareizāk sakot, sastapāmies pērn, oktobra beigās, lietainas dienas nogalē ― we became acquainted, or, better said, we ran into each other last year, late October, at the end of the rainy days
viņš dzīvo kā putns zara galā: šogad te, Mežmaļos, pērn Likstās, nezin kur nākošu gadu ― he lived like a bird at the end of a branch: this year here, in Mežmaļi, last year in Likstas, god knows where next year

Derived terms

aizpērn, aizpērns, aizpērnais, aizpērnējs, aizpērngad
pērnējs
pērngad, pērngada
pērns, pērnais

References

Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “pērn”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

[1] Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “pērn”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

单词	pērn
释义	pērn See also: pern Latvian Alternative forms (archaic form) pērni Etymology An old compound, with as first part Proto-Indo-European per- (“over”), and the second part a different term in different Indo-European languages (in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit, the second term was probably ut- < wet- (“year”), i.e., per-ut(i)-). In the Baltic case, it is possible that the second element was Proto-Indo-European sénos: per-sénos > per-enos > Proto-Baltic pernas > Latvian per̃ns > pērns, of which pērn would be the adverbial form (cf. archaic pērni). Another possibility is that the second element was a reflex of Proto-Indo-European en- (“year”) (cf. Old Church Slavonic лани* (lani, “last year”), from Proto-Slavic ol-ni, from the zero grade of en-). Cognates include Lithuanian pérnai, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃 (fairns, “recent past (thing), past year (thing)”), Old High German firni (“old”), Icelandic forn (“ancient”), Sanskrit परुत् (parút, “last year”), Ancient Greek πέρυσι (pérusi), Irish para- (“past, far; last year”), Persian ‎ (pâr), Ossetian фарон (faron).[1] Pronunciation IPA^(key): [pǣːɾn] Adverb pērn last year tas notika pērn ― this happened last year šis ir pirmā gada mežs! pērn iesējām ― this is a first-year forest! last year we sowed mēs iepazināmies vai, pareizāk sakot, sastapāmies pērn, oktobra beigās, lietainas dienas nogalē ― we became acquainted, or, better said, we ran into each other last year, late October, at the end of the rainy days viņš dzīvo kā putns zara galā: šogad te, Mežmaļos, pērn* Likstās, nezin kur nākošu gadu* ― he lived like a bird at the end of a branch: this year here, in Mežmaļi, last year in Likstas, god knows where next year Derived terms aizpērn, aizpērns, aizpērnais, aizpērnējs, aizpērngad pērnējs pērngad, pērngada pērns, pērnais References Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “pērn”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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