punio

punio

See also: punió

Latin

Alternative forms

• poeniō (archaic)

Etymology

From poena (“punishment, penalty”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈpuː.ni.oː/, [ˈpuːnioː]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpu.ni.o/, [ˈpuːnio]

Verb

pūniō (present infinitive pūnīre, perfect active pūnīvī or pūniī, supine pūnītum); fourth conjugation

1. I punish.

   Synonyms: multō, castīgō, expiō, obiūrgō, animadvertō, moneō, mulctō, ulcīscor, plēctō, exsequor

2. I take vengeance, avenge.

   Synonyms: persequor, ulcīscor, vindicō

Usage notes

The passive forms are often treated as a separate deponent verb pūnior, with an active meaning.

Conjugation

Conjugation of pūniō (fourth conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	pūniō	pūnīs	pūnit	pūnīmus	pūnītis	pūniunt
	imperfect	pūniēbam	pūniēbās	pūniēbat	pūniēbāmus	pūniēbātis	pūniēbant
	future	pūniam	pūniēs	pūniet	pūniēmus	pūniētis	pūnient
	perfect	pūnīvī, pūniī	pūnīvistī, pūniistī	pūnīvit, pūniit	pūnīvimus, pūniimus	pūnīvistis, pūniistis	pūnīvērunt, pūnīvēre, pūniērunt, pūniēre
	pluperfect	pūnīveram, pūnieram	pūnīverās, pūnierās	pūnīverat, pūnierat	pūnīverāmus, pūnierāmus	pūnīverātis, pūnierātis	pūnīverant, pūnierant
	future perfect	pūnīverō, pūnierō	pūnīveris, pūnieris	pūnīverit, pūnierit	pūnīverimus, pūnierimus	pūnīveritis, pūnieritis	pūnīverint, pūnierint
passive	present	pūnior	pūnīris, pūnīre	pūnītur	pūnīmur	pūnīminī	pūniuntur
	imperfect	pūniēbar	pūniēbāris, pūniēbāre	pūniēbātur	pūniēbāmur	pūniēbāminī	pūniēbantur
	future	pūniar	pūniēris, pūniēre	pūniētur	pūniēmur	pūniēminī	pūnientur
	perfect	pūnītus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	pūnītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	pūnītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	pūniam	pūniās	pūniat	pūniāmus	pūniātis	pūniant
	imperfect	pūnīrem	pūnīrēs	pūnīret	pūnīrēmus	pūnīrētis	pūnīrent
	perfect	pūnīverim, pūnierim	pūnīverīs, pūnierīs	pūnīverit, pūnierit	pūnīverīmus, pūnierīmus	pūnīverītis, pūnierītis	pūnīverint, pūnierint
	pluperfect	pūnīvissem, pūniissem	pūnīvissēs, pūniissēs	pūnīvisset, pūniisset	pūnīvissēmus, pūniissēmus	pūnīvissētis, pūniissētis	pūnīvissent, pūniissent
passive	present	pūniar	pūniāris, pūniāre	pūniātur	pūniāmur	pūniāminī	pūniantur
	imperfect	pūnīrer	pūnīrēris, pūnīrēre	pūnīrētur	pūnīrēmur	pūnīrēminī	pūnīrentur
	perfect	pūnītus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	pūnītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	pūnī	—	—	pūnīte	—
	future	—	pūnītō	pūnītō	—	pūnītōte	pūniuntō
passive	present	—	pūnīre	—	—	pūnīminī	—
	future	—	pūnītor	pūnītor	—	—	pūniuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		pūnīre	pūnīvisse, pūniisse	pūnītūrum esse	pūnīrī	pūnītum esse	pūnītum īrī
participles		pūniēns	—	pūnītūrus	—	pūnītus	pūniendus, pūniundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		pūniendī	pūniendō	pūniendum	pūniendō	pūnītum	pūnītū

Derived terms

• pūnītiō
• pūnītor

Related terms

• poena
• poenālēs
• poenālis
• poenāliter
• poenārius

Descendants

• Friulian: punî
• Italian: punire
• Old French: punir
  • Middle French: punir
    • French: punir
  • → English: punish
• Old Occitan: punir
  • Occitan: punir
• Piedmontese: punì
• Portuguese: punir
• Sardinian: punire
• Sicilian: puniri
• Spanish: punir

References

• “punio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “punio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• punio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) to punish some one: punire aliquem
    

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Neapolitan

Etymology

From Latin pugnus.

Noun

punio m (plural ponie)

1. fist
2. punch