pugnar
Catalan
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /puɡˈna/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /puɡˈnaɾ/
Verb
pugnar (first-person singular present pugno, past participle pugnat)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Conjugation
Conjugation of pugnar (first conjugation)
| infinitive | pugnar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | pugnant | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | pugnat | pugnada | |||||
| plural | pugnats | pugnades | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | pugno | pugnes | pugna | pugnem | pugneu | pugnen | |
| imperfect | pugnava | pugnaves | pugnava | pugnàvem | pugnàveu | pugnaven | |
| future | pugnaré | pugnaràs | pugnarà | pugnarem | pugnareu | pugnaran | |
| preterite | pugní | pugnares | pugnà | pugnàrem | pugnàreu | pugnaren | |
| conditional | pugnaria | pugnaries | pugnaria | pugnaríem | pugnaríeu | pugnarien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | pugni | pugnis | pugni | pugnem | pugneu | pugnin | |
| imperfect | pugnés | pugnessis | pugnés | pugnéssim | pugnéssiu | pugnessin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
| — | pugna | pugni | pugnem | pugneu | pugnin | ||
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /pu.ɡiˈna(ʁ)/ [pu.ɡiˈna(h)], /puɡˈna(ʁ)/ [puɡˈna(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /pu.ɡiˈna(ɾ)/, /puɡˈna(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /pu.ɡiˈna(ʁ)/ [pu.ɡiˈna(χ)], /puɡˈna(ʁ)/ [puɡˈna(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /puɡˈna(ɻ)/, /pu.ɡiˈna(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /puˈɡnaɾ/ [puˈɣnaɾ]
- Hyphenation: pug‧nar
Verb
pugnar (first-person singular present pugno, first-person singular preterite pugnei, past participle pugnado)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Conjugation
Conjugation of pugnar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | pugnar | |||||
| Personal | pugnar | pugnares | pugnar | pugnarmos | pugnardes | pugnarem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| pugnando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | pugnado | pugnados | ||||
| Feminine | pugnada | pugnadas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | pugno | pugnas | pugna | pugnamos | pugnais | pugnam |
| Imperfect | pugnava | pugnavas | pugnava | pugnávamos | pugnáveis | pugnavam |
| Preterite | pugnei | pugnaste | pugnou | pugnamos1, pugnámos2 | pugnastes | pugnaram |
| Pluperfect | pugnara | pugnaras | pugnara | pugnáramos | pugnáreis | pugnaram |
| Future | pugnarei | pugnarás | pugnará | pugnaremos | pugnareis | pugnarão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| pugnaria | pugnarias | pugnaria | pugnaríamos | pugnaríeis | pugnariam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | pugne | pugnes | pugne | pugnemos | pugneis | pugnem |
| Imperfect | pugnasse | pugnasses | pugnasse | pugnássemos | pugnásseis | pugnassem |
| Future | pugnar | pugnares | pugnar | pugnarmos | pugnardes | pugnarem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | pugna | pugne | pugnemos | pugnai | pugnem | |
| Negative (não) | não pugnes | não pugne | não pugnemos | não pugneis | não pugnem | |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin pugnāre, present active infinitive of pugnō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /puɡˈnaɾ/ [puɣ̞ˈnaɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: pug‧nar
Verb
pugnar (first-person singular present pugno, first-person singular preterite pugné, past participle pugnado)
- to struggle; fight
Conjugation
Conjugation of pugnar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | pugnar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | pugnando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | pugnado | pugnada | |||||
| plural | pugnados | pugnadas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | pugno | pugnastú pugnásvos | pugna | pugnamos | pugnáis | pugnan | |
| imperfect | pugnaba | pugnabas | pugnaba | pugnábamos | pugnabais | pugnaban | |
| preterite | pugné | pugnaste | pugnó | pugnamos | pugnasteis | pugnaron | |
| future | pugnaré | pugnarás | pugnará | pugnaremos | pugnaréis | pugnarán | |
| conditional | pugnaría | pugnarías | pugnaría | pugnaríamos | pugnaríais | pugnarían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | pugne | pugnestú pugnésvos2 | pugne | pugnemos | pugnéis | pugnen | |
| imperfect (ra) | pugnara | pugnaras | pugnara | pugnáramos | pugnarais | pugnaran | |
| imperfect (se) | pugnase | pugnases | pugnase | pugnásemos | pugnaseis | pugnasen | |
| future1 | pugnare | pugnares | pugnare | pugnáremos | pugnareis | pugnaren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | pugnatú pugnávos | pugne | pugnemos | pugnad | pugnen | ||
| negative | no pugnes | no pugne | no pugnemos | no pugnéis | no pugnen | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of pugnar
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive pugnar | |||||||
| dative | pugnarme | pugnarte | pugnarle, pugnarse | pugnarnos | pugnaros | pugnarles, pugnarse | |
| accusative | pugnarme | pugnarte | pugnarlo, pugnarla, pugnarse | pugnarnos | pugnaros | pugnarlos, pugnarlas, pugnarse | |
| with gerund pugnando | |||||||
| dative | pugnándome | pugnándote | pugnándole, pugnándose | pugnándonos | pugnándoos | pugnándoles, pugnándose | |
| accusative | pugnándome | pugnándote | pugnándolo, pugnándola, pugnándose | pugnándonos | pugnándoos | pugnándolos, pugnándolas, pugnándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative pugna | |||||||
| dative | púgname | púgnate | púgnale | púgnanos | not used | púgnales | |
| accusative | púgname | púgnate | púgnalo, púgnala | púgnanos | not used | púgnalos, púgnalas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative pugná | |||||||
| dative | pugname | pugnate | pugnale | pugnanos | not used | pugnales | |
| accusative | pugname | pugnate | pugnalo, pugnala | pugnanos | not used | pugnalos, pugnalas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative pugne | |||||||
| dative | púgneme | not used | púgnele, púgnese | púgnenos | not used | púgneles | |
| accusative | púgneme | not used | púgnelo, púgnela, púgnese | púgnenos | not used | púgnelos, púgnelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative pugnemos | |||||||
| dative | not used | pugnémoste | pugnémosle | pugnémonos | pugnémoos | pugnémosles | |
| accusative | not used | pugnémoste | pugnémoslo, pugnémosla | pugnémonos | pugnémoos | pugnémoslos, pugnémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative pugnad | |||||||
| dative | pugnadme | not used | pugnadle | pugnadnos | pugnaos | pugnadles | |
| accusative | pugnadme | not used | pugnadlo, pugnadla | pugnadnos | pugnaos | pugnadlos, pugnadlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative pugnen | |||||||
| dative | púgnenme | not used | púgnenle | púgnennos | not used | púgnenles, púgnense | |
| accusative | púgnenme | not used | púgnenlo, púgnenla | púgnennos | not used | púgnenlos, púgnenlas, púgnense | |
Further reading
- “pugnar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014