proton
English
Etymology
From Ancient Greek πρῶτον (prôton), neuter of πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”).
(physics): Coined by New Zealand-British scientist Ernest Rutherford in 1920, in analogy with electron (1891), and with an additional intention of honoring English chemist William Prout.
(anatomy): (1893); a translation of German Anlage (“fundamental thing”) based on Aristotle’s phrase he prote ousia to proton.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈpɹəʊ.tɒn/
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈpɹoʊ.tɑn/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: (Received Pronunciation) -əʊtɒn, (US) -oʊtɑn
- Hyphenation: pro‧ton
Noun
proton (plural protons)
- (physics) A positively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an element, composed of two up quarks and a down quark.
- Comeronyms: neutron, electron
- Holonyms: atom, nucleus
- 1931, C[harles] G[eorge] Crump, The Red King Dreams, 1946 - 1948, 24 Russell Square: Faber & Faber Limited, page 302:
- The dance of the electrons about the prota, each electron and each proton consisting of a series of waves occupying the whole of the limited universe and obeying the laws of nature as they pass, is known to all.
- (obsolete, anatomy) Synonym of primordium
- 1898 July, “Contributed Articles”, in C[larence] L[uther] Herrick, editor, The Journal of Comparative Neurology: A Quarterly Periodical Devoted to the Comparative Study of the Nervous System, volume VIII, number 1; 2, Granville, Oh.: […] C[harles] Judson Herrick; […], pages 27 (C. L. H., […]) and 32–33 (C. L. H.; G[eorge] E[llett] Coghill, […]):
- It is a well authenticated fact that, in the case of section of a peripheral nerve, the nuclei of the sheath of Schwann pass to the centre of the lumen and form the protoplasmic prota of the segments of the new nerve […]. From studies of the development of the olfactory organs in reptiles, as reported briefly in earlier numbers of this Journal, the writer has been abundantly convinced of the truth of Beard’s statement that the olfactory prota arise from the skin […].
- 1898 December 28, Burt G[reen] Wilder, “Some Misapprehensions as to the Simplified Nomenclature of Anatomy”, in Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Session of the Association of American Anatomists, […], Washington, D.C.: Beresford, […], published 1899, page 23:
- This paper constituted the proton (the primordium, or ‘Anlage,’ if you prefer) of my own subsequent contributions, and likewise, so far as I knew at the time, of the simplified nomenclature in America.
- 1899, Walter P[orter] Manton, “Menstruation—Ovulation—Development of the Ovum”, in Charles Jewett, editor, The Practice of Obstetrics, New York, N.Y.; Philadelphia, Penn.: Lea Brothers & Co., part II (Physiology of Pregnancy), pages 84, 97, 104, 111, and 112:
- a, b. Prota of primitive segments (protovertebræ). […] These soon become partially constricted off from the fore-brain, their narrow pedicles—the optic stalks—being the prota of the optic nerves. The dorsal wall of the fore-brain continues to grow forward and upward from the rest of the vesicle, and soon forms a fourth ventricle or permanent fore-brain, the proton of the cerebral hemispheres. […] By the sixth week the otocyst has been converted by a fold into two portions—a dorsal part—the utriculus, from which three projections arise, the prota of the semicircular canals (Fig. 91), and a ventral part, the sacculus, from the anterior end of which the cochlea is developed. […] These are the Müllerian ducts, the prota of the female internal organs of generation. […] The cords acquire a lumen and become the prota of the seminiferous tubules.
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Synonyms
- p (symbolic)
Hypernyms
- baryon
- nucleon
Coordinate terms
- neutron
- electron
- deuteron
- triton
Derived terms
- antiproton
- diproton
- interproton
- nonproton
- photoproton
- protic
- protonate
- protonation
- proton capture
- protonic
- protonium
- protonlike
- protonmotive
- proton number
- protonophore
- proton pump
- prototropy
- quasiproton
Translations
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References
- Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “proton”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
Anagrams
- Porton, pronto
Afrikaans
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Noun
proton (plural protone)
- (physics) proton
Breton
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpro.tːɔ̃n/
Noun
proton m (collective, plural protonennoù, singulative protonenn)
- (physics) protons
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈproton]
- Rhymes: -oton
Noun
proton m
- proton
Further reading
- proton in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- proton in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pʰʁoˈtˢoˀn]
- Rhymes: -oːˀn
Noun
proton c (singular definite protonen, plural indefinite protoner)
- (physics) proton
Declension
common gender | Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | proton | protonen | protoner | protonerne |
genitive | protons | protonens | protoners | protonernes |
References
- “proton” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Noun
proton n (plural protonen)
- (physics) proton
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pʁɔ.tɔ̃/
audio (file) Audio (Paris) (file)
Noun
proton m (plural protons)
- (physics) proton
Further reading
- “proton”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈproton]
- Hyphenation: pro‧ton
- Rhymes: -on
Noun
proton (plural protonok)
- (physics) proton (positively charged subatomic particle)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | proton | protonok |
accusative | protont | protonokat |
dative | protonnak | protonoknak |
instrumental | protonnal | protonokkal |
causal-final | protonért | protonokért |
translative | protonná | protonokká |
terminative | protonig | protonokig |
essive-formal | protonként | protonokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | protonban | protonokban |
superessive | protonon | protonokon |
adessive | protonnál | protonoknál |
illative | protonba | protonokba |
sublative | protonra | protonokra |
allative | protonhoz | protonokhoz |
elative | protonból | protonokból |
delative | protonról | protonokról |
ablative | protontól | protonoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular | protoné | protonoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural | protonéi | protonokéi |
Possessive forms of proton | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | protonom | protonjaim |
2nd person sing. | protonod | protonjaid |
3rd person sing. | protonja | protonjai |
1st person plural | protonunk | protonjaink |
2nd person plural | protonotok | protonjaitok |
3rd person plural | protonjuk | protonjaik |
Further reading
- proton in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Indonesian
Noun
proton
- (physics) A proton.
Latin
Etymology
From the neuter form πρῶτον (prôton) of Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈproː.ton/, [ˈproːt̪ɔn]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpro.ton/, [ˈprɔːt̪on]
Noun
prōton m (genitive prōtōnis); third declension
- (physics, New Latin) proton
Declension
Third-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | prōton | prōtōnēs |
Genitive | prōtōnis | prōtōnum |
Dative | prōtōnī | prōtōnibus |
Accusative | prōtōnem | prōtōnēs |
Ablative | prōtōne | prōtōnibus |
Vocative | prōton | prōtōnēs |
Malay
Noun
proton (plural proton-proton, informal 1st possessive protonku, 2nd possessive protonmu, 3rd possessive protonnya)
- proton
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Ancient Greek πρῶτον (prôton).
Noun
proton n (definite singular protonet, indefinite plural proton or protoner, definite plural protona or protonene)
- (physics) proton
References
- “proton” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Ancient Greek πρῶτον (prôton).
Noun
proton n (definite singular protonet, indefinite plural proton, definite plural protona)
- (physics) proton
References
- “proton” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek πρῶτον (prôton).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈprɔ.tɔn/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔtɔn
- Syllabification: pro‧ton
Noun
proton m inan
- proton
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | proton | protony |
genitive | protonu | protonów |
dative | protonowi | protonom |
accusative | proton | protony |
instrumental | protonem | protonami |
locative | protonie | protonach |
vocative | protonie | protony |
Derived terms
- protonowy
- antyproton
Further reading
- proton in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- proton in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
Etymology
From French proton.
Noun
proton m (plural protoni)
- proton
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) proton | protonul | (niște) protoni | protonii |
genitive/dative | (unui) proton | protonului | (unor) protoni | protonilor |
vocative | protonule | protonilor |
Serbo-Croatian
Noun
pròtōn m (Cyrillic spelling про̀то̄н)
- proton
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | pròtōn | protoni |
genitive | protóna | protona |
dative | protonu | protonima |
accusative | proton | protone |
vocative | protone | protoni |
locative | protonu | protonima |
instrumental | protonom | protonima |
Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /prʊˈtoːn/
Noun
proton c
- (physics) proton
Declension
Declension of proton | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | proton | protonen | protoner | protonerna |
Genitive | protons | protonens | protoners | protonernas |
See also
- neutron
- elektron