protest

See also: Protest

English

Etymology

PIE word
*tréyes

From the Middle English verb protesten, from Old French protester, from Latin prōtestārī, present active infinitive of prōtestor, from prō + testor, from testis (“witness”).

Pronunciation

Noun and verb

(UK) IPA^(key): /ˈpɹəʊ.tɛst/
(US) enPR: prōʹtĕst, IPA^(key): /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/
Audio (GA) (file)
Hyphenation: pro‧test

Verb

enPR: prə.tĕstʹ, IPA^(key): /pɹəˈtɛst/
Audio (US) (file)
Rhymes: -ɛst
Hyphenation: pro‧test

Note: The verb is stressed on the first syllable when referring to a physical march and stressed on the second syllable when in reference to a spoken outburst.

Verb

protest (third-person singular simple present protests, present participle protesting, simple past and past participle protested)

(intransitive) To make a strong objection.
How dare you, I protest!
The public took to the streets to protest over the planned change to the law.
- 1915, G[eorge] A. Birmingham [pseudonym; James Owen Hannay], chapter I, in Gossamer, New York, N.Y.: George H. Doran Company, OCLC 5661828:
  As a political system democracy seems to me extraordinarily foolish, but I would not go out of my way to protest against it. My servant is, so far as I am concerned, welcome to as many votes as he can get. I would very gladly make mine over to him if I could.
- 2009, Cuba:
  U.S. and European protested against Spanish conduct in Cuba.
(transitive) To affirm (something).
I protest my innocence.
I do protest and declare …
- 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act V, scene i]:
  I will protest your cowardice.
- 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], OCLC 928184292:
  Our youth, now, emboldened with his success, resolved to push the matter farther, and ventured even to beg her recommendation of him to her father's service; protesting that he thought him one of the honestest fellows in the country, and extremely well qualified for the place of a gamekeeper, which luckily then happened to be vacant.
- 1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “Ch.8”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], OCLC 365836:
  She flashed a smile at me, and, protesting an engagement with her dentist, jauntily walked on.
(transitive, chiefly Canada, US) To object to.
They protested the demolition of the school.
To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an affirmation; to appeal to.
- 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:
  Fiercely [they] opposed / My journey strange, with clamorous uproar / Protesting fate supreme.
(law, transitive) to make a solemn written declaration, in due form, on behalf of the holder, against all parties liable for any loss or damage to be sustained by non-acceptance or non-payment of (a bill or note). This should be made by a notary public, whose seal it is the usual practice to affix.
(obsolete, transitive) To publish; to make known.

Translations

to make a strong objection

Arabic: اِعْتَرَضَ‎ (iʿtaraḍa), اِحْتَجَّ‎ (iḥtajja)
Armenian: առարկել (hy) (aṙarkel), բողոքել (hy) (bołokʿel)
Azerbaijani: etiraz etmək
Belarusian: пратэстава́ць impf (pratestavácʹ)
Bulgarian: протести́рам (bg) impf or pf (protestíram)
Catalan: protestar (ca)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 抗議, 抗议 (kong³ yi⁵)
Mandarin: 抗議／抗议 (zh) (kàngyì)
Min Nan: 抗議 (zh-min-nan), 抗议 (khòng-gī)
Czech: protestovat (cs)
Dutch: protesteren (nl)
Esperanto: protesti
Finnish: vastustaa (fi), protestoida (fi)
French: protester (fr)
Georgian: პროტესტის გამოცხადება (ṗroṭesṭis gamocxadeba)
German: protestieren (de), demonstrieren (de)
Greek: διαμαρτύρομαι (el) (diamartýromai)
Hebrew: מחאה‎ (he) f (m"chá'ah)
Hungarian: tiltakozik (hu)
Icelandic: mótmæla (is)
Ido: revoltar (io)
Irish: agóid
Italian: protestare (it)
Japanese: 抗議する (ja) (こうぎする, kōgi suru)
Khmer: តវ៉ា (km) (tɑɑ vaa)
Korean: 항의하다 (ko) (hang'uihada)
Latin: reclāmō
Macedonian: протести́ра impf or pf (protestíra)
Maori: mautohe, porotēhi, porotēhe
Norwegian: protestere
Persian: اعتراض کردن‎ (fa) (e'terâz kardan)
Polish: protestować (pl) impf, zaprotestować pf
Portuguese: protestar (pt)
Romanian: protesta (ro)
Russian: протестова́ть (ru) impf (protestovátʹ)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: протестовати
Roman: protestovati, protestirati (sh), prosvjedovati (sh), prosvedovati
Slovak: protestovať impf
Slovene: ugovarjati, protestirati
Spanish: protestar (es)
Swedish: inlägga (sv) protest (sv), protestera (sv)
Telugu: నిరసించు (te) (nirasiñcu)
Thai: ค้าน (th) (káan), ประท้วง (th) (bprà-túuang), ติง (th) (dting), คัดค้าน (th) (kát-káan)
Ukrainian: протестува́ти impf (protestuváty)
Vietnamese: biểu tình (vi)

to affirm

Finnish: vakuuttaa (fi)
Hungarian: kijelent (hu), hangoztat (hu), megerősít (hu)
Russian: торже́ственно заявля́ть impf (toržéstvenno zajavljátʹ), кля́твенно заверя́ть impf (kljátvenno zaverjátʹ), уверя́ть (ru) impf (uverjátʹ)
Spanish: proclamar (es)
Swedish: bedyra (sv), försäkra (sv)
Vietnamese: cam đoan (vi)

mostly US: to object to

Finnish: vastustaa (fi), protestoida (fi)
German: Einspruch erheben, Einwände äußern
Ido: revoltigar (io)
Khmer: ចំទាស់ (km) (cɑmtoah)
Norwegian: protestere
Slovene: protestirati, ugovarjati
Spanish: oponerse (es), objetar (es)
Swedish: protestera (sv) mot
Vietnamese: phản đối (vi), phản kháng (vi)

Noun

protest (countable and uncountable, plural protests)

A formal objection, especially one by a group.
They lodged a protest with the authorities.
A collective gesture of disapproval; a demonstration.
- 2013 August 10, “http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21583277-worlds-biggest-polluter-going-green-it-needs-speed-up-transition-can-china Can China clean up fast enough?]”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:
  All this has led to an explosion of protest across China, including among a middle class that has discovered nimbyism.
We held a protest in front of City Hall.
The noting by a notary public of an unpaid or unaccepted bill.
A written declaration, usually by the master of a ship, stating the circumstances attending loss or damage of ship or cargo, etc.

Synonyms

dissent
objection
protestation

Derived terms

Protestant
protestation
protester
protest march
under protest

Translations

formal objection

Arabic: اِعْتَرَاض‎ (ar) m (iʿtarāḍ), اِحْتِجَاج‎ m (iḥtijāj)
Armenian: բողոք (hy) (bołokʿ)
Azerbaijani: etiraz (az)
Belarusian: пратэ́ст m (pratést)
Bengali: এতেরাজ (bn) (eteraj)
Bulgarian: проте́ст (bg) m (protést)
Catalan: protesta (ca) f
Chinese:
Cantonese: 抗議, 抗议 (kong³ yi⁵)
Mandarin: 抗議／抗议 (zh) (kàngyì)
Min Nan: 抗議 (zh-min-nan), 抗议 (khòng-gī)
Czech: protest (cs) m
Dutch: protest (nl) n
Esperanto: protesto
Faroese: mótmæli n
Finnish: vastalause (fi), protesti (fi)
French: protestation (fr) f
Georgian: პროტესტი (ṗroṭesṭi)
German: Protest (de) m, Einspruch (de) m, Widerspruch (de) m
Greek: διαμαρτυρία (el) f (diamartyría) (diamartyría)
Hindi: प्रतिवाद (hi) m (prativād), अस्वीकार (hi) m (asvīkār)
Hungarian: tiltakozás (hu)
Icelandic: mótmæli (is) n pl
Irish: agóid f
Italian: protesta (it) f
Japanese: 抗議 (ja) (こうぎ, kōgi), プロテスト (purotesuto)
Korean: 항의(抗議) (ko) (hang'ui)
Macedonian: протест m (protest)
Maori: mautohetanga, porotēhi
Persian: اعتراض‎ (fa) (e'terâz), احتجاج‎ (fa) (ehtejâj)
Polish: protest (pl) m
Portuguese: protesto (pt) m
Russian: проте́ст (ru) m (protést)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: про̀тест m
Roman: pròtest (sh) m
Slovak: protest m
Slovene: ugovor m, protest m
Spanish: protesta (es) f
Swedish: protest (sv) c, gensaga (sv) c (law)
Tajik: эътироз (tg) (eʾtiroz)
Telugu: నిరసన (te) (nirasana)
Turkish: itiraz (tr)
Ukrainian: проте́ст m (protést)
Vietnamese: (sự) phản đối, (sự) kháng nghị

collective gesture of disapproval: demonstration — See also translations at demonstration

Albanian: protestë (sq) f
Armenian: բողոք (hy) (bołokʿ)
Basque: please add this translation if you can
Belarusian: пратэ́ст m (pratést), мі́тынг m (mítynh), дэманстра́цыя f (demanstrácyja), маніфеста́цыя f (manifjestácyja)
Bulgarian: проте́ст (bg) m (protést), ми́тинг (bg) m (míting), демонстра́ция (bg) f (demonstrácija)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 抗議, 抗议 (kong³ ji⁵)
Mandarin: 抗議／抗议 (zh) (kàngyì)
Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
Estonian: please add this translation if you can
Finnish: mielenosoitus (fi)
French: manifestation (fr)
Georgian: please add this translation if you can
German: Protest (de) m, Demonstration (de) f
Hebrew: מְחָאָה‎ (he) f (mekhaá)
Hungarian: tüntetés (hu)
Icelandic: mótmæli (is) n pl
Khmer: បាតុកម្ម (km) (paatokam)
Latvian: please add this translation if you can
Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
Polish: protest (pl) m, demonstracja (pl) f
Portuguese: manifestação (pt) f
Romanian: protest (ro) n, miting (ro) n, demonstrație (ro) f, manifestație (ro) f
Russian: проте́ст (ru) m (protést), ми́тинг (ru) m (míting), демонстра́ция (ru) f (demonstrácija), манифеста́ция (ru) f (manifestácija)
Spanish: manifestación (es) f
Thai: การประท้วง (th) (gaan-bprà-túuang)
Turkish: protesto (tr)
Ukrainian: проте́ст m (protést), мі́тинг m (mítynh), демонстра́ція f (demonstrácija), маніфеста́ція f (manifestácija)
Vietnamese: (cuộc) biểu tình
Welsh: protest (cy) f

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Dutch: protestactie (nl) f, manifestatie (nl) f
Georgian: პროტესტი (ṗroṭesṭi)
Greek: διαμαρτυρία (el) f (diamartyría)
Irish: agóid f
Slovene: protest m
Telugu: నిరసన ప్రదర్శన (nirasana pradarśana)

Anagrams

Potters, potters, spotter, strepto, strepto-

Czech

Etymology

From Latin prōtestor.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈprotɛst]
Audio (file)

Noun

protest m inan

protest
vyvolatprotest. ― to elicit protest.

Declension

Declension of protest

	singular	plural
nominative	protest	protesty
genitive	protestu	protestů
dative	protestu	protestům
accusative	protest	protesty
vocative	proteste	protesty
locative	protestu, protestě	protestech
instrumental	protestem	protesty

Related terms

protestní
protestovat
protestant
protestantismus
protestantský
protestantství

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French [Term?], from Old French [Term?], from Latin protestō.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /proːˈtɛst/
Hyphenation: pro‧test
Rhymes: -ɛst

Noun

protest n (plural protesten, diminutive protestje n)

protest (occasion to express dissatisfaction)
protest (expression of disagreement)

Hyponyms

betoging
demonstratie

Derived terms

massaprotest
protestactie
protestbeweging
protestbord
protestdag
protestlied
protestmars
protestpartij
protestschrift
proteststem
proteststemmer
protestzanger
studentenprotest
volksprotest

Related terms

protestant
protesteren

Descendants

Afrikaans: protes
→ Caribbean Javanese: protès

Estonian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /protˈesʲt/

Noun

protest (genitive protesti, partitive protesti)

protest

Declension

Declension of protest (type riik)

	singular	plural
nominative	protest	protestid
genitive	protesti	protestide
partitive	protesti	proteste / protestisid
illative	protesti / protestisse	protestidesse / protestesse
inessive	protestis	protestides / protestes
elative	protestist	protestidest / protestest
allative	protestile	protestidele / protestele
adessive	protestil	protestidel / protestel
ablative	protestilt	protestidelt / protestelt
translative	protestiks	protestideks / protesteks
terminative	protestini	protestideni
essive	protestina	protestidena
abessive	protestita	protestideta
comitative	protestiga	protestidega

Related terms

protesteerima
protestima

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin protestari, as for protestere.

Noun

protest m (definite singular protesten, indefinite plural protester, definite plural protestene)

a protest

Derived terms

protestmarsj

Related terms

protestere

References

“protest” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin protestari.

Noun

protest m (definite singular protesten, indefinite plural protestar, definite plural protestane)

a protest

Derived terms

protestmarsj

References

“protest” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from German Protest, from Italian protesto, from Latin prōtestārī, present active infinitive of prōtestor, from prō + testor, from testis (“witness”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈprɔ.tɛst/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -ɔtɛst
Syllabification: pro‧test

Noun

protest m inan

(law) protest (formal objection)
protest (demonstration)
Synonym: demonstracja

Declension

Declension of protest

	singular	plural
nominative	protest	protesty
genitive	protestu	protestów
dative	protestowi	protestom
accusative	protest	protesty
instrumental	protestem	protestami
locative	proteście	protestach
vocative	proteście	protesty

Related terms

protestant
protestantka
protestować
zaprotestować

Romanian

Etymology

Back-formation from protesta

Noun

protest n (plural proteste)

protest

Declension

Declension of protest

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) protest	protestul	(niște) proteste	protestele
genitive/dative	(unui) protest	protestului	(unor) proteste	protestelor
vocative	protestule		protestelor

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From German Protest.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /prǒtest/
Hyphenation: pro‧test

Noun

pròtest m (Cyrillic spelling про̀тест)

protest

Declension

Declension of protest

	singular	plural
nominative	protest	protesti
genitive	protesta	protesta
dative	protestu	protestima
accusative	protest	proteste
vocative	proteste	protesti
locative	protestu	protestima
instrumental	protestom	protestima

Synonyms

pròsvjed

Swedish

Pronunciation

audio (file)

Noun

protest c

protest

Declension

Declension of protest
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	protest	protesten	protester	protesterna
Genitive	protests	protestens	protesters	protesternas

Related terms

protestera
protestant

Anagrams

torpets

Welsh

Etymology

From English protest.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈprɔtɛsd/, [ˈpr̥ʰɔtʰɛst]

Noun

protest f (plural protestiadau or protestadau)

protest, demonstration (collective gesture of disapproval)
- 2020 November 11, BBC Cymru Fyw‎:
  Mae dwsinau o ddynion sydd wedi cael eu cartrefi mewn gwersyll ym Mhenalun, Sir Benfro wedi cynnal protest dros eu hamodau byw. Cynhaliodd y dynion brotest yn hawlio bod eu hawliau dynol yn cael eu hanwybyddu.
  Dozens of men who have been housed in a camp in Penally, Pembrokeshire have held a protest over their living conditions. The men held a protest claiming that their human rights were being ignored.
Synonym: gwrthdystiad

Derived terms

protestio (“to protest”)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
protest	brotest	mhrotest	phrotest
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

protest

English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Translations

Noun

Synonyms

Derived terms

Translations

Anagrams

Czech

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Related terms

Further reading

Dutch

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Estonian

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Related terms

Further reading

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Noun

Derived terms

Related terms

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Noun

Derived terms

References

Polish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Related terms

Further reading

Romanian

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Synonyms

Swedish

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Related terms

Anagrams

Welsh

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Mutation

Further reading