proteger
See also: protéger
Middle French
Verb
proteger
- to protect
Conjugation
- As parler except an extra e is inserted after the final g before a and o.
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of proteger
infinitive | simple | proteger | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | protegeant | |||||
compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past participle | protegé | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | protege | proteges | protege | protegeons | protegez | protegent |
imperfect | protegeois, protegeoys | protegeois, protegeoys | protegeoit, protegeoyt | protegions, protegyons | protegiez, protegyez | protegeoient, protegeoyent | |
past historic | protegea | protegeas | protegea | protegeasmes | protegeastes | protegerent | |
future | protegerai, protegeray | protegeras | protegera | protegerons | protegerez | protegeront | |
conditional | protegerois, protegeroys | protegerois, protegeroys | protegeroit, protegeroyt | protegerions, protegeryons | protegeriez, protegeryez | protegeroient, protegeroyent | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | protege | proteges | protege | protegeons | protegez | protegent |
imperfect | protegeasse | protegeasses | protegeast | protegeassions | protegeassiez | protegeassent | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | protege | — | protegeons | protegez | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180). |
Portuguese
Etymology
Latin protegere.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /pɾo.teˈʒe(ʁ)/ [pɾo.teˈʒe(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /pɾo.teˈʒe(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /pɾo.teˈʒe(ʁ)/ [pɾo.teˈʒe(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /pɾo.teˈʒe(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /pɾu.tɨˈʒeɾ/
- Hyphenation: pro‧te‧ger
Verb
proteger (first-person singular present protejo, first-person singular preterite protegi, past participle protegido)
- to protect
- to support
Conjugation
Conjugation of proteger (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | proteger | |||||
Personal | proteger | protegeres | proteger | protegermos | protegerdes | protegerem |
Gerund | ||||||
protegendo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | protegido | protegidos | ||||
Feminine | protegida | protegidas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | protejo | proteges | protege | protegemos | protegeis | protegem |
Imperfect | protegia | protegias | protegia | protegíamos | protegíeis | protegiam |
Preterite | protegi | protegeste | protegeu | protegemos | protegestes | protegeram |
Pluperfect | protegera | protegeras | protegera | protegêramos | protegêreis | protegeram |
Future | protegerei | protegerás | protegerá | protegeremos | protegereis | protegerão |
Conditional | ||||||
protegeria | protegerias | protegeria | protegeríamos | protegeríeis | protegeriam | |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | proteja | protejas | proteja | protejamos | protejais | protejam |
Imperfect | protegesse | protegesses | protegesse | protegêssemos | protegêsseis | protegessem |
Future | proteger | protegeres | proteger | protegermos | protegerdes | protegerem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | protege | proteja | protejamos | protegei | protejam | |
Negative (não) | não protejas | não proteja | não protejamos | não protejais | não protejam |
Related terms
- protecção, proteção
- protector, protetor
- protectoral, protetoral
- protectório, protetório
- protegido
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin protegere.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɾoteˈxeɾ/ [pɾo.t̪eˈxeɾ]
Audio (Colombia) (file) - Rhymes: -eɾ
- Syllabification: pro‧te‧ger
Verb
proteger (first-person singular present protejo, first-person singular preterite protegí, past participle protegido)
- to protect, to defend
- 1915, Ricardo Flores Magón, La patria burguesa y la patria universal
- Protegernos los pobres, está bien: ése es nuestro deber, esa es la obligación que nos impone la solidaridad. Protegernos los unos a los otros, ayudarnos, defendernos mutuamente, es una necesidad que debemos satisfacer si no queremos ser aniquilados por nuestros señores; pero armarnos, y echarnos unos sobre los otros para defender el bolsillo de nuestros amos, es un crimen de lesa clase, es una felonía que debemos rechazar indignados.
- 1915, Ricardo Flores Magón, La patria burguesa y la patria universal
Conjugation
Conjugation of proteger (g-j alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive | proteger | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | protegiendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | protegido | protegida | |||||
plural | protegidos | protegidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | protejo | protegestú protegésvos | protege | protegemos | protegéis | protegen | |
imperfect | protegía | protegías | protegía | protegíamos | protegíais | protegían | |
preterite | protegí | protegiste | protegió | protegimos | protegisteis | protegieron | |
future | protegeré | protegerás | protegerá | protegeremos | protegeréis | protegerán | |
conditional | protegería | protegerías | protegería | protegeríamos | protegeríais | protegerían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | proteja | protejastú protejásvos2 | proteja | protejamos | protejáis | protejan | |
imperfect (ra) | protegiera | protegieras | protegiera | protegiéramos | protegierais | protegieran | |
imperfect (se) | protegiese | protegieses | protegiese | protegiésemos | protegieseis | protegiesen | |
future1 | protegiere | protegieres | protegiere | protegiéremos | protegiereis | protegieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | protegetú protegévos | proteja | protejamos | proteged | protejan | ||
negative | no protejas | no proteja | no protejamos | no protejáis | no protejan |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of proteger (g-j alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive proteger | |||||||
dative | protegerme | protegerte | protegerle, protegerse | protegernos | protegeros | protegerles, protegerse | |
accusative | protegerme | protegerte | protegerlo, protegerla, protegerse | protegernos | protegeros | protegerlos, protegerlas, protegerse | |
with gerund protegiendo | |||||||
dative | protegiéndome | protegiéndote | protegiéndole, protegiéndose | protegiéndonos | protegiéndoos | protegiéndoles, protegiéndose | |
accusative | protegiéndome | protegiéndote | protegiéndolo, protegiéndola, protegiéndose | protegiéndonos | protegiéndoos | protegiéndolos, protegiéndolas, protegiéndose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative protege | |||||||
dative | protégeme | protégete | protégele | protégenos | not used | protégeles | |
accusative | protégeme | protégete | protégelo, protégela | protégenos | not used | protégelos, protégelas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative protegé | |||||||
dative | protegeme | protegete | protegele | protegenos | not used | protegeles | |
accusative | protegeme | protegete | protegelo, protegela | protegenos | not used | protegelos, protegelas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative proteja | |||||||
dative | protéjame | not used | protéjale, protéjase | protéjanos | not used | protéjales | |
accusative | protéjame | not used | protéjalo, protéjala, protéjase | protéjanos | not used | protéjalos, protéjalas | |
with first-person plural imperative protejamos | |||||||
dative | not used | protejámoste | protejámosle | protejámonos | protejámoos | protejámosles | |
accusative | not used | protejámoste | protejámoslo, protejámosla | protejámonos | protejámoos | protejámoslos, protejámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative proteged | |||||||
dative | protegedme | not used | protegedle | protegednos | protegeos | protegedles | |
accusative | protegedme | not used | protegedlo, protegedla | protegednos | protegeos | protegedlos, protegedlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative protejan | |||||||
dative | protéjanme | not used | protéjanle | protéjannos | not used | protéjanles, protéjanse | |
accusative | protéjanme | not used | protéjanlo, protéjanla | protéjannos | not used | protéjanlos, protéjanlas, protéjanse |
Derived terms
- autoprotegerse
- sobreproteger
Related terms
- protección
- protector, protectora
- proteccionismo
- proteccionista
- protectoría
- protectorio, protectoria
Further reading
- “proteger”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014