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单词 primer
释义

primer

See also: Primer

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English primer, primere, from Medieval Latin primarius and primarium (“prayer book”) possibly via Anglo-Norman primer (“prayer book”), from prima (“prime the liturgical hour and office”) + -arius and -arium (“forming related objects”). Its use for schoolbooks derived from the late medieval and early modern use of such prayer books to teach reading.

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈpɹaɪ.mə(ɹ)/, enPR: prīʹmə
  • Audio (UK)(file)
  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈpɹɪ.mɚ/, enPR: prĭmʹər
  • (US, irregular, but common; borrowed from Etymology 2): IPA(key): /ˈpɹaɪmɚ/, enPR: prīmʹər
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Audio (US irregular pronunciation)(file)
  • Rhymes: -aɪmə(ɹ), -ɪmə(ɹ)

Noun

primer (plural primers)

  1. (historical, Catholicism ecclesiastical) A prayer or devotional book intended for laity, initially an abridgment of the breviary and manual including the hours of the Virgin Mary, 15 gradual and 7 penitential psalms, the litany, the placebo and dirige forming the office of the dead, and the commendations.
    Synonyms: book of hours, prayer book
  2. (historical, Protestant ecclesiastical) Any of various similar works issued in England for private prayer in accordance with the Book of Common Prayer.
  3. A children's book intended to teach literacy: how to read, write, and spell.
    • 1545, The A.B.C. Primers
    • 1995, Neal Stephenson, The Diamond Age:
      Four-year-old Elizabeth Finkle-McGraw would receive the Young Lady's Illustrated Primer from her grandfather. Fiona Hackworth would be getting a copy of the Illustrated Primer too, for this had been John Percival Hackworth's crime: He had programmed the matter compiler to place the cockleburs on the outside of Elizabeth's book.
  4. An introductory text on any subject, particularly basic concepts.
    • 1959 March, “New Reading on Railways: The Railwayman's Diesel Manual. By William F. Bolton. G. H. Lake. 7s. 6d.”, in Trains Illustrated, page 172:
      [...] The two assets of the book are clear explanation, and a multitude of extremely helpful diagrams, some in two colours, and cutaway photographs; these clearly unravel a difficult subject for the layman, as well as the student engineman for whom the primer is chiefly designed.
  5. (New Zealand) An elementary school class; an elementary school student. (No longer used.)
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • great primer, long primer
  • primer book
  • primer school
  • primer-state
Translations
prayer book — see prayer book

Etymology 2

prime +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /ˈpɹaɪ.mə(ɹ)/, enPR: prīʹmə
  • Audio (UK)(file)
  • (US) IPA(key): /ˈpɹaɪmɚ/, enPR: prīmʹə
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -aɪmə(ɹ)

Noun

primer (countable and uncountable, plural primers)

  1. Any substance or device, such as priming wire or blasting cap, used to ignite gunpowder or other explosive.
    • 1912, United States Army Ordnance Dept, Handbook of the 2.95-inch mountain gun mate/riel and pack outfit, →ISBN, page 17:
      The percussion primer, known as the “ 110-grain percussion primer,” contains an igniting charge of 95 grains of black powder in addition to the essential elements of a percussion primer.
    • 2003, Sam Fadala, The Gun Digest Blackpowder Loading Manual, →ISBN, page 73:
      Therefore, the shotgun primer is quite self- contained. It consists of a separate metal cup called a battery cup that contains the primer itself. That's why it is considered a two-piece primer.
    • 2016, Steve Sieberts, Gun Digest Shooter's Guide to Competitive Pistol Shooting, →ISBN, page 224:
      Take care when handling primers, especially ensure that your fingers are free of oil or dirt. Oil can affect the detonating properties of the primer pellet, and can be the cause of misfires if too much oil gets into the primer.
  2. (obsolete, rare) A person who primes explosives.
  3. A substance used to prime wood, metal, etc. in preparation for painting.
  4. A layer of such a substance.
  5. A layer of makeup that goes beneath the foundation; undermakeup.
    • 1989, Stan Place & Bobbi Ray Madry, The Art and Science of Professional Makeup, →ISBN, page 95:
      The undermakeup (primer) should be allowed to dry-set for 30 seconds. Apply foundation over the primer with a sponge using light, careful strokes to blend. Undermakeups come in cream form, sponge-on wands, or sponge-on cream, and as a lotion.
  6. (obsolete, rare) A person who primes wood, metal, etc.
  7. (biochemistry, genetics) A molecule which initiates the synthesis of an enzyme, (especially) a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule which initiates DNA replication.
  8. (medicine, zoology) A pheromone which interacts first with the endocrine system.
  9. A device used to prime an internal combustion engine with gasoline, (especially) in airplanes.
  10. A person who prunes trees.
  • primary
  • prime
Translations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 3

From Anglo-Norman primer (“first”), from Latin prīmārius (“first”).

Adjective

primer (not comparable)

  1. (obsolete) First in time, initial, early.
    • 1612, Michael Drayton, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] H[umphrey] L[ownes] for Mathew Lownes; I. Browne; I. Helme; I. Busbie, published 1613, OCLC 1049089293:
      the primer English kings
  2. (obsolete) First in importance, premier.
  3. (obsolete, rare) First in position, foremost.
Derived terms
  • primer fine
  • primer seizin

Further reading

  • Prime, Primer and Priming in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Catalan

Catalan numbers (edit)
10[a], [b], [c]
12  → 10  → [a], [b], [c]
    Cardinal: un
    Ordinal: primer
    Ordinal abbreviation: 1r
Catalan Wikipedia article on 1

Etymology

From Old Catalan primer, from Latin prīmārius.

Pronunciation

  • (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /pɾiˈme/
  • (Valencian) IPA(key): /pɾiˈmeɾ/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -e(ɾ)

Adjective

primer (feminine primera, masculine plural primers, feminine plural primeres)

  1. (ordinal number) first
  2. (mathematics) prime (having no divisor except itself and 1):

Derived terms

  • a la taula i al llit, al primer crit
  • nombre primer
  • primerament
  • primera ministra
  • primer ministre
  • primers auxilis

Adverb

primer

  1. first; before anything else

References

  • “primer” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
  • “primer” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

French

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /pʁi.me/
  • Audio(file)
  • Audio (CAN)(file)

Verb

primer

  1. to dominate, to be dominant over
  2. to win (a prize)
  3. to prevail, take precedent

Conjugation

Conjugation of primer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitivesimpleprimer
compoundavoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1simpleprimant
/pʁi.mɑ̃/
compoundayant + past participle
past participleprimé
/pʁi.me/
singularplural
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicativeje (j’)tuil, elle, onnousvousils, elles
(simple
tenses)		presentprime
/pʁim/		primes
/pʁim/		prime
/pʁim/		primons
/pʁi.mɔ̃/		primez
/pʁi.me/		priment
/pʁim/
imperfectprimais
/pʁi.mɛ/		primais
/pʁi.mɛ/		primait
/pʁi.mɛ/		primions
/pʁi.mjɔ̃/		primiez
/pʁi.mje/		primaient
/pʁi.mɛ/
past historic2primai
/pʁi.me/		primas
/pʁi.ma/		prima
/pʁi.ma/		primâmes
/pʁi.mam/		primâtes
/pʁi.mat/		primèrent
/pʁi.mɛʁ/
futureprimerai
/pʁim.ʁe/		primeras
/pʁim.ʁa/		primera
/pʁim.ʁa/		primerons
/pʁim.ʁɔ̃/		primerez
/pʁim.ʁe/		primeront
/pʁim.ʁɔ̃/
conditionalprimerais
/pʁim.ʁɛ/		primerais
/pʁim.ʁɛ/		primerait
/pʁim.ʁɛ/		primerions
/pʁi.mə.ʁjɔ̃/		primeriez
/pʁi.mə.ʁje/		primeraient
/pʁim.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		present perfectpresent indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfectimperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfectfuture of avoir + past participle
conditional perfectconditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctiveque je (j’)que tuqu’il, qu’elleque nousque vousqu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		presentprime
/pʁim/		primes
/pʁim/		prime
/pʁim/		primions
/pʁi.mjɔ̃/		primiez
/pʁi.mje/		priment
/pʁim/
imperfect2primasse
/pʁi.mas/		primasses
/pʁi.mas/		primât
/pʁi.ma/		primassions
/pʁi.ma.sjɔ̃/		primassiez
/pʁi.ma.sje/		primassent
/pʁi.mas/
(compound
tenses)		pastpresent subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative–tu–nousvous–
simple—prime
/pʁim/		—primons
/pʁi.mɔ̃/		primez
/pʁi.me/		—
compound—simple imperative of avoir + past participle—simple imperative of avoir + past participlesimple imperative of avoir + past participle—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

  • “primer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Hungarian

Etymology

From German primär, from French primaire, from Latin primarius.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈprimɛr]
  • Hyphenation: pri‧mer
  • Rhymes: -ɛr

Adjective

primer (comparative primerebb, superlative legprimerebb)

  1. primary
    primer feszültség ― primary voltage

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singularplural
nominativeprimerprimerek
accusativeprimertprimereket
dativeprimernekprimereknek
instrumentalprimerrelprimerekkel
causal-finalprimerértprimerekért
translativeprimerréprimerekké
terminativeprimerigprimerekig
essive-formalprimerkéntprimerekként
essive-modal——
inessiveprimerbenprimerekben
superessiveprimerenprimereken
adessiveprimernélprimereknél
illativeprimerbeprimerekbe
sublativeprimerreprimerekre
allativeprimerhezprimerekhez
elativeprimerbőlprimerekből
delativeprimerrőlprimerekről
ablativeprimertőlprimerektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular		primeréprimereké
non-attributive
possessive - plural		primeréiprimerekéi

References

  1. Tótfalusi, István. Idegenszó-tár: Idegen szavak értelmező és etimológiai szótára (’A Storehouse of Foreign Words: an explanatory and etymological dictionary of foreign words’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

Further reading

  • primer in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch primair, from French primaire, from Latin prīmārius.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈprimɛr]
  • Rhymes: -mɛr, -ɛr, -r
  • Hyphenation: pri‧mèr

Adjective

primèr

  1. primary:
    1. first or earliest in a group or series.
    2. main; principal; chief; placed ahead of others.

Alternative forms

  • primair (law)

Further reading

  • “primer” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Old French

Adjective

primer m (oblique and nominative feminine singular primere)

  1. Alternative form of premier

Adverb

primer

  1. Alternative form of premier

Noun

primer m (oblique plural primers, nominative singular primers, nominative plural primer)

  1. Alternative form of premier
  2. (Anglo-Norman) primer (hymn book)

References

  • primer on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

  • (Ijekavian): prímjer

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /prǐːmer/
  • Hyphenation: pri‧mer

Noun

prímer m (Cyrillic spelling при́мер)

  1. example, instance
  2. model, paragon
  3. precedence

Declension

Declension of primer
singularplural
nominativeprimerprimeri
genitiveprimeraprimera
dativeprimeruprimerima
accusativeprimerprimere
vocativeprimeruprimeri
locativeprimeruprimerima
instrumentalprimeromprimerima

Derived terms

  • prímerak
  • prímeran
  • prìmeren
  • prìmereno
  • prímericē

Slovene

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /priméːr/

Noun

primẹ̑r m inan

  1. example (something representative of a group)

Inflection

Masculine inan., hard o-stem
nom. sing.primér
gen. sing.priméra
singulardualplural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik)		primérprimérapriméri
genitive
(rodȋlnik)		priméraprimérovprimérov
dative
(dajȃlnik)		primérupriméromaprimérom
accusative
(tožȋlnik)		primérpriméraprimére
locative
(mẹ̑stnik)		priméruprimérihprimérih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik)		primérompriméromapriméri

Derived terms

  • na prímer

Spanish

Spanish numbers (edit)
1
    Cardinal: uno
    Apocopated cardinal: un
    Ordinal: primero
    Apocopated ordinal: primer
    Ordinal abbreviation: 1.º
    Multiplier: simple
    Distributive: sendos
Spanish Wikipedia article on 1

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /pɾiˈmeɾ/ [pɾiˈmeɾ]
  • Rhymes: -eɾ
  • Syllabification: pri‧mer

Adjective

primer m (apocopate, standard form primero)

  1. (before the noun) Apocopic form of primero (first)
    el primer hijo ― the first child
  2. (informal, proscribed) Apocopic form of primera (first)

Usage notes

  • The form primer is only used before and within the noun phrase of a modified masculine singular noun. In other positions, the standard form primero is used instead.

Further reading

  • “primer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
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