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单词 apple
释义

apple

See also: Apple and äpple

English

Etymology

PIE word
*h₂ébōl
Granny Smith apple

From Middle English appel, from Old English æppel (“apple, fruit in general, ball”), from Proto-West Germanic *applu, from Proto-Germanic *aplaz (“apple”) (compare Scots aipple, West Frisian apel, Dutch appel, German Apfel, Swedish äpple, Danish æble), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl, *h₂ébl̥ (“apple”) (compare Welsh afal, Irish úll, Lithuanian óbuolỹs, Russian я́блоко (jábloko), possibly Ancient Greek ἄμπελος (ámpelos, “vine”)).[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • (US, UK) enPR: ăpʹ(ə)l, IPA(key): /ˈæp.əl/, [ˈæp.ɫ̩]
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Audio (UK)(file)
  • Rhymes: -æpəl
  • Hyphenation: ap‧ple

Noun

apple (plural apples)

  1. A common, round fruit produced by the tree Malus domestica, cultivated in temperate climates. [from 9th c.]
    • c. 1378, William Langland, Piers Plowman:
      I prayed pieres to pulle adown an apple.
    • 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter IX, in Emma: […], volume I, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, OCLC 1708336, pages 184–185:
      I have so often heard Mr. Woodhouse recommend a baked apple. I believe it is the only way that Mr. Woodhouse thinks the fruit thoroughly wholesome. We have apple dumplings, however, very often. Patty makes an excellent apple-dumpling.
    • 2013 October 28, John Vallins, “Apples of Concord”, in The Guardian‎:
      Close by and under cover, I watched the juicing process. Apples were washed, then tipped, stalks and all, into the crusher and reduced to pulp.
  2. Any fruit or vegetable, or any other thing produced by a plant such as a gall or cone, especially if produced by a tree and similar to the fruit of Malus domestica; also (with qualifying words) used to form the names of specific fruits such as custard apple, rose apple, thorn apple etc. [from 9th c.]
    • 1585, Richard Eden (translating a 1555 work by Peter Martyr), Decades of the New World, v:
      Venemous apples wherwith they poyson theyr arrows.
    • 1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of the Pine Tree”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, OCLC 1184595079, book III, page 1174:
      This apple is called in high Dutch, Zyꝛbel: in low Dutch, Pijn appel: in Engliſh, Pine apple, Clogge, and Cone. […] The whole Cone or apple being boiled with freſh Horehound, ſaith Galen, and afterwards boyled againe with a little hony till the decoction be come to the thicknes of hony, maketh an excellent medicine for the clenſing of the chest and lungs.
    • 1607, Edward Topsell, chapter IX, in The Historie of Fovre-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, OCLC 912897215, page 666:
      The fruite or Apples of Palme-trees (eſpecially ſuch as grow in ſalt grounds neare the Sea ſides, as in Cyrene of Affrica, and Indea, and not in Egypt, Cyprus, Syria, Helvetia, and Aſsiria do fatten and feed Hogges.
    • 1658, trans. Giambattista della Porta, Natural Magick, I.16:
      In Persia there grows a deadly tree, whose Apples are Poison, and present death.
    • 1765, Abraham Tucker, The Light of Nature Pursued, page 337:
      The fly injects her juices into the oak-leaf, to raise an apple for hatching her young.
    • 1784, James Cook, A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean. Undertaken, by the Command of His Majesty, for Making Discoveries in the Northern Hemisphere. […], volume II, London: […] W[illiam] and A. Strahan; for G[eorge] Nicol, […]; and T[homas] Cadell, […], OCLC 1582037, book III (Transactions at Otaheite, and the Society Islands; and Prosecution of the Voyage to the Coast of North America), page 174:
      It [Otaheite] is remarkable for producing great quantities of that delicious fruit we called apples, which are found in none of the others, except Eimeo.
    • 1800, John Tuke, General View of the Agriculture of the North Riding of Yorkshire, page 150:
      It is generally thought, that the curled topped potatoe proceeds from a neglect of raising fresh sorts from the apple or [potato-]seed.
    • 1825, Theodric Romeyn Beck, Elements of Medical Jurisprudence, 2nd edition, page 565:
      Hippomane mancinella. (Manchineel-tree.) Dr. Peysonnel relates that a soldier, who was a slave with the Turks, eat some of the apples of this tree, and was soon seized with a swelling and pain of the abdomen.
    • 1833, Charles Williams, The Vegetable World, page 179:
      One kind of apple or gall, inhabited only by one grub, is hard and woody on the outside, resembling a little wooden ball, of a yellowish color, but internally it is of a soft, spongy texture.
    • 1853, Mrs. S. F. Cowper, Country Rambles in England, Or, Journal of a Naturalist, page 172:
      The cross-bill will have seeds from the apple, or cone of the fir—the green-finch, seeds from the uplands, or door of barn, or rick-yard.
    • 1889, United States. Department of Agriculture, Report of the Secretary of Agriculture, page 376:
      The "apple" or gall usually forms a somewhat kidney-shaped excrescence, attached by a small base on the concave side, and varying in size from a half an inch to an inch and a half in length.
  3. Something which resembles the fruit of Malus domestica, such as a globe, ball, or breast.
    • 1705, J. S., City and Country Recreation, page 104:
      […] shrugging up her Shoulders, to shew the tempting Apples of her white Breasts, Then suddainly lets them sink again, to hide them, blushing, as if this had been done by chance.
    • 1761, An Universal History: From the Earliest Accounts to the Present Time, page 508:
      […] count-palatine of the Rhine, who shall carry the globe or imperial apple; and, on his left, the marquis of Brandenburg carrying the scepter.
    • 1851, Robert Bigsby, Old Places Revisited; Or the Antiquarians Enthusiast, page 200:
      The arms of Upland were a "golden apple," or globe, surrounded with a belt, in allusion to the monarchy.
    • 1956, Marion Hargrove, The Girl He Left Behind: Or, All Quiet in the Third Platoon, page 129:
      Andy picked up his two grenades and followed the line into the pits. The apples felt strangely heavy in his hands, and when he looked at them one was as ugly and lethal-looking as the other.
    • 1975, C. W. Smith, Country Music IX, 256:
      A peasant blouse that showed the tops of those lovely little apples.
    • 2008, Harald Kleinschmidt, Ruling the Waves, Bibliotheca Humanistica & Refo
      Contrary to Henricus Martellus, Behaim included the tropics [on his globe...]. Evidently, there was no space for a Fourth Continent on Behaim's apple, although some recollection of the Catalan map seems to lie behind the shape of southern Africa.
    1. (baseball, slang, obsolete) The ball in baseball. [from 20th c.]
    2. (informal) When smiling, the round, fleshy part of the cheeks between the eyes and the corners of the mouth.
    3. The Adam's apple.
      • 1898, Hugh Charles Clifford, Studies in Brown Humanity: Being Scrawls and Smudges in Sepia, White, and Yellow, page 99:
        The sweat of fear and exertion was streaming down his face and chest, and his breath came in short, tearing, hard-drawn gasps and gulps, while the apple in his throat leaped up and down ceaselessly […]
      • 1922, Henry Williamson, Dandelion Days, page 113:
        Elsie went away with her parents to Belgium and the convent-school on the twelfth, and as they left The Firs in the battered station cab surrounded by boxes and trunks, Willie could not speak. The apple in his throat rose and remained there  […]
      • 1999, Liam O'Flaherty, The Collected Stories, Wolfhound Press (IE) (→ISBN)
        The apple in his neck was hitting against his collar every time he drew breath and he tore at his collar nervously.
      • 2005, Sandra Benitez, Night of the Radishes, Hyperion, →ISBN:
        The apple in his neck bobbles as he gulps. “You've got to be kidding.” “No, I'm not. Your inheritance amounts to maybe three hundred thousand dollars."
      • 2020, George R. R. Martin, A Storm of Swords, Bantam, →ISBN, page 959:
        If the Hound had not been moving, the knife might have cored the apple of his throat; instead it only grazed his ribs, and wound up quivering in the wall near the door. He laughed then, a laugh as cold and hollow as if it had come from the bottom of a deep well.
  4. (Christianity) The fruit of the Tree of Knowledge, eaten by Adam and Eve according to post-Biblical Christian tradition; the forbidden fruit. [from 11th c.]
    • 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554, lines 485–487:
      Him by fraud I have ſeduc'd / From his Creator, and the more to increaſe / Your wonder, with an Apple; […]
    • 1976, Joni Mitchell, "Song for Sharon":
      Sharon you've got a husband
      And a family and a farm
      I've got the apple of temptation
      And a diamond snake around my arm
    • 1985, Barry Reckord, The White Witch:
      Woman ate the apple, and discovered sex, and lost all shame, and lift up her fig—leaf, and she must suffer the pains of hell. Monthly.
  5. A tree of the genus Malus, especially one cultivated for its edible fruit; the apple tree. [from 15th c.]
    • 1913, John Weathers, Commercial Gardening, page 38:
      If the grafted portion of an Apple or other tree were examined after one hundred years, the old cut surfaces would still be present, for mature or ripened wood, being dead, never unites.
    • 2000 P. A. Thomas, Trees: Their Natural History, page 227:
      This allows a weak plant to benefit from the strong roots of another, or a vigorous tree (such as an apple) to be kept small by growing on 'dwarfing rootstock'.
    • 2009, Sid Gardner, The Faults of the Owens Valley, →ISBN, page 34:
      Used to be apple orchards, used to be the river and irrigation ditches that watered the apples, used to be mining towns.
    • 2012, Terri Reid, The Everything Guide to Living Off the Grid, page 77:
      Other fruit trees, like apples, need well-drained soil.
  6. The wood of the apple tree. [from 19th c.]
  7. (in the plural, Cockney rhyming slang) Short for apples and pears, slang for stairs. [from 20th c.]
  8. (derogatory, ethnic slur) A Native American or red-skinned person who acts and/or thinks like a white (Caucasian) person.
    • 1998, Opal J. Moore, “Git That Gal a Red Dress: A Conversation Between Female Faculty at a State School in Virginia”, in Daryl Cumber Dance, editor, Honey, Hush!: An Anthology of African American Women's Humor, W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN, page 537:
      The presenter, close to tears, told the audience that she's really an apple—white on the inside and red on the outside—Native American.
    • 2012 November 12, Joel Spring, The Cultural Transformation of A Native American Family and Its Tribe 1763-1995: A Basket of Apples‎, Routledge, →ISBN, ch. 9:
      My ancestors five generations removed were "apples" who were "White" on the inside and "Red" on the outside.
  9. (ice hockey, slang) An assist.
  10. (slang) A CB radio enthusiast.
    • 1977, New Scientist (volume 74, page 764)
      Because of overcrowding, many a CB enthusiast (called an "apple") is strapping an illegal linear amplifier ("boots") on to his transceiver ("ears") […]

Synonyms

  • (a tree of the genus Malus): malus

Hypernyms

  • fruit
    • hand fruit

Hyponyms

fruit of the genus Malus
  • cherry apple (Malus baccata)
  • Chinese crab apple (Malus baccata)
  • cooking apple
  • crab apple (crabapple) (Malus spp.)
  • dessert apple, eating apple
  • Manchurian crab apple (Malus baccata)
  • prairie crab apple (Malus ioensis)
  • Siberian crab apple (Malus baccata)
  • southern crab apple (Malus angustifolia)
  • wild apple (Malus spp.)
  • wine apple

Derived terms

  • a bad tree does not yield good apples
  • acid of apples
  • Adam's apple
  • alligator apple (Annona glabra)
  • American as apple pie
  • an apple a day; an apple a day keeps the doctor away
  • an apple a day keeps the doctor at bay
  • Apple
  • apple aphid (apple aphis) (Aphis pomi)
  • apple banana (Musa acuminata × Musa balbisiana)
  • apple-bearing
  • apple bee, apple-bee (Bombus pomorum)
  • apple berry (Billardiera scandens)
  • apple blight (Erwinia amylovora)
  • apple blossom
  • apple bobbing
  • apple borer
  • apple box, apple-box
  • apple brandy
  • apple brown tortrix (Pandemis heparana)
  • apple bud and leaf mite (Phyllocoptes schlechtendali)
  • apple bud moth (Spilonota ocellana)
  • apple bud weevil (Anthonomus piri)
  • apple-bug
  • apple bumblebee (Bombus pomorum)
  • apple butter
  • apple cake
  • apple canker (Nectria galligena)
  • apple cart, apple-cart, applecart
  • apple-catchers
  • apple charlotte
  • apple-cheeked
  • apple-cheese
  • apple cider
  • apple cider vinegar
  • apple clearwing moth (Synanthedon myopaeformis)
  • apple core
  • apple-corer
  • apple crook, apple-crook
  • apple crumble
  • appled
  • apple domain
  • apple-domed
  • apple-dowdy
  • apple-drane (apple-drone)
  • apple drops
  • apple dumpling
  • apple dumpling shop
  • apple-eating
  • apple-faced
  • apple-fallow
  • apple fly (Tephritidae spp., Drosophilidae)
  • apple fritter
  • apple fruit weevil, apple fruit rhynchites (Rhynchites auratus)
  • apple-garth
  • apple geranium (Pelargonium odoratissimum)
  • apple grain aphid (Rhopalosiphum fitchii)
  • apple-grass aphid (Rhopalosiphum insertum)
  • apple green (apple-green)
  • apple-grey
  • apple groundling (Gelechia rhombella)
  • apple-gum
  • apple head (applehead)
  • apple-headed
  • apple ice wine
  • Apple Isle
  • apple-jack (applejack)
  • apple jacks
  • apple jelly
  • apple jelly nodules
  • apple-john
  • apple juice
  • apple-knocker
  • apple leaf midge
  • apple leaf miner (Lyonetia clerkella)
  • appleless
  • apple-like, applelike
  • apple liqueur
  • apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella)
  • apple mango
  • apple martini
  • apple midge (Sciara mali)
  • apple mint (applemint) (Mentha rotundifolia)
  • apple-monger
  • apple moss, apple-moss (Bartramia spp.)
  • apple moth, apple-moth
  • apple-mush
  • apple nut
  • apple of Adam
  • apple of discord
  • apple of Grenada
  • apple of love
  • apple of one's eye, apple of somebody's eye; apple of the eye, apple of someone's eye
  • apple of Peru
  • apple of Sodom
  • apple-oil
  • apple orchard
  • apple pandowdy
  • apple pear, apple-pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)
  • apple-peeler
  • apple-peru
  • apple pie
  • apple-plum
  • apple-polish
  • apple-polisher
  • apple polisher
  • apple-polishing
  • apple-pomice
  • apple potato bread
  • apple Punic
  • apple pygmy moth (Stigmella malella)
  • apple root aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum)
  • apple rose
  • apple rust
  • apple rust mite
  • apples
  • apples and oranges; apples to oranges (to compare)
  • apples and pears
  • apple sauce (applesauce)
  • apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea)
  • apple scab (Venturia inaequalis)
  • apple schnapps
  • apple-scoop
  • apple seed (appleseed)
  • apple shell (Pomacea and Pila)
  • apple-slump
  • apple small ermine moth
  • apple snail, apple-snail (Ampullariidae spp.)
  • apple snow
  • apples of gold
  • Apples of the Hesperides
  • apple sourpuss
  • apple's queen
  • apple-squire
  • apple strudel
  • apple sucker
  • appletini
  • Appletise; Appletiser
  • apple tree
  • apple turnover
  • apple twig-cutter
  • Apple Valley
  • Apple Wassail
  • apple-water
  • apple wedger
  • apple weevil; apple blossom weevil (Anthonomus pomorum)
  • apple-wife
  • apple wine
  • apple-woman
  • applewood
  • apple worm (Cydia pomonella)
  • applewort (Crataegus spp.)
  • apple-yard
  • applish
  • a rotten apple spoils the barrel
  • as sure as God made little apples (sure as God made little apples)
  • bad apple
  • bake-apple (bakeapple, baked-apple)
  • baking apple
  • Baldwin apple
  • balsam apple, balm apple (Momordica balsamina)
  • beach apple (Hippomane mancinella)
  • bell apple
  • bite at the apple, bite of the apple
  • bitter apple (Citrullus colocynthis)
  • black apple (Pouteria australis)
  • blade apple (Pereskia aculeata)
  • bob for apples
  • bone apple tea
  • Bragi's apples
  • bush apple (Pouteria australis)
  • candied apple; candy apple
  • caramel apple
  • cashew apple
  • cedar apple, cedar-apple rust (Gymnosporangium spp.)
  • chess-apple (Sorbus torminalis)
  • cider-apple
  • coconut apple
  • common thorn apple (Datura stramonium)
  • compare apples with apples
  • Criterion apple
  • custard apple (Annona app.)
  • Dead Sea apple, Dead-Sea apple
  • desert thorn apple, desert thorn-apple (Datura discolor)
  • devil's apple (Datura spp.)
  • earth-apple
  • egg apple
  • elephant apple (Dillenia spp., etc.)
  • English as apple pie
  • eye-apple
  • for sour apples
  • fountain apple moss (Philonotis fontana)
  • golden apple (Aegle marmelos)
  • green apple aphid (Aphis pomi)
  • hedge apple (Maclura pomifera)
  • hog apple, hogapple (Morinda citrifolia)
  • horseapple (Maclura pomifera)
  • how do you like them apples
  • how do you like them apples?
  • ice apple (Borassus flabellifer)
  • Indian apple
  • Jamaica apple, Jamaican apple (Syzygium malaccense)
  • Java apple (Syzygium samarangense)
  • Jew's apple (Solanum melongena)
  • John-apple
  • June-apple
  • kangaroo apple (Solanum aviculare, Solanum vescum)
  • Kei apple, kai apple, kei-apple (Dovyalis caffra)
  • lady apple
  • love apple
  • Macoun apple
  • mad apple
  • Malay apple (Syzygium malaccense)
  • mamey apple, mammee apple (Mammea spp.)
  • mandrake apple
  • May apple, (mayapple)
  • McIntosh apple
  • median apple
  • Micah Rood's apples
  • mix apples and oranges
  • monkey apple, monkey apple tree
  • mountain apple (Syzygium malaccense)
  • mulga apple
  • Newton's apple
  • oak apple, (oak-apple) (Cynipini spp.)
  • Otaheite apple (Spondias dulcis)
  • pear-apple
  • Persian apple (Prunus persica)
  • Peruvian apple cactus (Cereus repandus)
  • pineapple
  • pink fir apple
  • pitch apple (Clusia rosea}
  • polish the apple
  • pond apple (Annona glabra)
  • potato apple, (potato-apple)
  • prairie apple
  • prickly custard apple (Annona muricata)
  • Punic apple (Punica granatum)
  • queen apple
  • red apple (Syzygium ingens)
  • road apple
  • rose apple (Angophora costata; Syzygium spp.)
  • rosey apple aphid (Dysaphia plantaginea)
  • rotten apple
  • sage-apple
  • sea apple, sea-apple
  • seven-year apple
  • sheld-apple (shell-apple)
  • she'll be apples; she's apples
  • snap apple
  • Snapple
  • snow apple, snow-apple
  • soap apple (Chlorogalum pomeridianum)
  • sorb apple, sorb-apple
  • star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito)
  • stocking-apple
  • stone apple (Aegle marmelos)
  • sugar apple, sugar-apple (Annona squamosa)
  • swamp apple (Annona glabra)
  • sweet apple
  • table apple
  • taffy apple (toffee apple)
  • the apple doesn't fall far from the tree
  • the apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest
  • the Big Apple
  • the Little Apple
  • there are bad apples in every orchard
  • there's a rotten apple in every barrel
  • thorn-apple crystal
  • thorn apple (Datura stramonium)
  • toffee apple
  • tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum)
  • vi-apple
  • vine apple
  • water apple (Syzygium aqueum)
  • wax apple (Syzygium samarangense)
  • Westbury apple
  • wild balsam apple
  • wine apple
  • winter apple (Eremophila debilis)
  • wise apple, wise-apple
  • wolf apple (Solanum lycocarpum)
  • wood apple (Aegle marmelos etc.)
  • woolly apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum)
  • worm in the apple
  • zombi apple

Descendants

  • Tok Pisin: apel
  • → Abenaki: aples (< apples)
  • → Assamese: আপেল (apel)
  • → Bengali: আপেল (apel)
  • → Dhivehi: އާފަލު‎ (āfalu)
  • → East Futuna: apo
  • → Fijian: yapolo
  • → Fiji Hindi: aapul
  • → Finnish: äpüli
  • → Malay: epal (Malaysia)
  • → Malayalam: ആപ്പിൾ (āppiḷ)
  • → Maori: āporo
  • → Marshallese: abōļ
  • → Sinhalese: ඇපල් (æpal)
  • → Sotho: apole
  • → Tamil: ஆப்பிள் (āppiḷ)
  • → Telugu: ఆపిల్ (āpil)
  • → Thai: แอปเปิล (ɛ́p-bpə̂n)
  • → Tokelauan: apu
  • → Yurok: ˀɹplɹs (< apples)

Translations

tree — see apple tree
apples and pears (Cockney rhyming slang) — see apples and pears
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

apple (third-person singular simple present apples, present participle appling, simple past and past participle appled)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) To make or become apple-like.
    • 1992, Marilyn Strathern, Reproducing the Future:
      One might say they have to be appled-up; varieties are selected for marketing which have the most apple-like qualities.
    • 2004, Gregory David Roberts, Shantaram: A Novel:
      He glanced at me, his cheeks appled in the impish grin I was learning to recognise as the clever under-side of his broad and gentle smile.
    • 2007, Claudia D. Newcorn, Crossover: Krisalys Chronicles of Feyree, page 35:
      A large smile appled his full cheeks as the four sprytes eagerly served themselves from the seeds and thinly sliced fruits.
    • 2011, Cynthia Robinson, The Barbary Dogs, page 57:
      She smiled, and her cheeks appled up and her teeth were big and flat and her mouth was wide and spacious like an open invitation.
  2. (obsolete) To form buds, bulbs, or fruit.
    • 1601 (1634), Philemon Holland (translator), Pliny, II, page 98:
      Either they floure, or they apple or els be ready to bring forth fruit.
    • 1767, James Justice, The British gardener's calendar, page 274:
      You may now sow upon moderate hot-beds, a few of the small Salad feeds, such as White Mustard, Rape, Cresses, and Cabbage Lettuces, and you may also sow upon other hot-beds, not to be drawn until they are pretty large and well appled, Radishes and Turnips, observing to sow them very thin, that the plants may have room to swell and grow;
    • 1796 (1800), Charles Marshall, Gardening, page 245:
      The cabbage turnep is of two kinds; one apples above ground, and the other in it.
    • 1807, The Complete Farmer:
      Other cultivators, however, advise "that the seed collected from a few turnips thus transplanted, should be preserved and sown in drills, in order to raise plants for see for the general crop, drawing out all such as are weak and improper, leaving only those that are strong and which take the lead; and that when these have appled or formed bulbs, to again take out such as do not appear good and perfect, as by this means turnip seed may be procured, not only of a more vigorous nature, but which is capable of vegetating with less moisture and which produces stronger and more hardy plants.

See also

  • malic
  • (ethnic slur): coconut, Oreo, banana, Twinkie

References

  1. Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “apple”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  2. dictionary.com

Anagrams

  • Appel, appel, pepla

Middle English

Noun

apple

  1. Alternative form of appel
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