praesto
Latin
Etymology
From prae- + stō.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈprae̯s.toː/, [ˈpräe̯s̠t̪oː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpres.to/, [ˈprɛst̪o]
Adverb
praestō (not comparable)
- present, at hand, ready.
- Synonym: penes
- (with sum) (to be) at hand, (to be) ready to help.
Verb
praestō (present infinitive praestāre, perfect active praestitī or praestāvī, supine praestātum or praestitum); first conjugation
- I stand before.
- I am preferable, better (coupled with quam)
- Caesar, de Bello Gallico, VII, 10, However it seemed better to endure any hardship than to alienate the affections of all his allies, by submitting to such an insult :
- Praestare visum est tamen omnis difficultates perpeti, quam tanta contumelia accepta omnium suorum voluntates alienare
- Caesar, de Bello Gallico, VII, 17, It was better to sustain any hardship than to not avenge the Roman citizens who perished at Genabum by the perfidy of the Gauls :
- Praestare omnes perferre acerbitates, quam non civibus Romanis, qui Cenabi perfidia Gallorum interissent, parentarent
- In acie praestare interfici quam non veterem belli gloriam [...] recuperare ― It was better to be slain in battle, than not to recover the ancient glory in war (Caesar, de Bello Gallico, VII, 1)
- I am outstanding, am exceeding in something, I excel, stand out, am superior, I distinguish myself, am excellent, distinguished, admirable
- Synonyms: praepolleō, exsuperō, superō
- I provide, supply, offer, bestow.
- I exhibit, I show
- Synonyms: praebeō, ostendō, ostentō, expōnō, prōpōnō, prōdō, acclārō, indicō, prōferō, prōtrahō, fateor, profiteor, vulgō, coarguō, gerō
- (reflexive) I prove (myself), I show (myself)
- (Late Latin) and (Medieval Latin) I lend, loan
Conjugation
- Perfect forms like praestāvī are found post-Classically.
| Conjugation of praestō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | praestō | praestās | praestat | praestāmus | praestātis | praestant |
| imperfect | praestābam | praestābās | praestābat | praestābāmus | praestābātis | praestābant | |
| future | praestābō | praestābis | praestābit | praestābimus | praestābitis | praestābunt | |
| perfect | praestitī, praestāvī | praestitistī, praestāvistī | praestitit, praestāvit | praestitimus, praestāvimus | praestitistis, praestāvistis | praestitērunt, praestitēre, praestāvērunt, praestāvēre | |
| pluperfect | praestiteram, praestāveram | praestiterās, praestāverās | praestiterat, praestāverat | praestiterāmus, praestāverāmus | praestiterātis, praestāverātis | praestiterant, praestāverant | |
| future perfect | praestiterō, praestāverō | praestiteris, praestāveris | praestiterit, praestāverit | praestiterimus, praestāverimus | praestiteritis, praestāveritis | praestiterint, praestāverint | |
| passive | present | praestor | praestāris, praestāre | praestātur | praestāmur | praestāminī | praestantur |
| imperfect | praestābar | praestābāris, praestābāre | praestābātur | praestābāmur | praestābāminī | praestābantur | |
| future | praestābor | praestāberis, praestābere | praestābitur | praestābimur | praestābiminī | praestābuntur | |
| perfect | praestātus or praestitus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | praestātus or praestitus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | praestātus or praestitus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | praestem | praestēs | praestet | praestēmus | praestētis | praestent |
| imperfect | praestārem | praestārēs | praestāret | praestārēmus | praestārētis | praestārent | |
| perfect | praestiterim, praestāverim | praestiterīs, praestāverīs | praestiterit, praestāverit | praestiterīmus, praestāverīmus | praestiterītis, praestāverītis | praestiterint, praestāverint | |
| pluperfect | praestitissem, praestāvissem | praestitissēs, praestāvissēs | praestitisset, praestāvisset | praestitissēmus, praestāvissēmus | praestitissētis, praestāvissētis | praestitissent, praestāvissent | |
| passive | present | praester | praestēris, praestēre | praestētur | praestēmur | praestēminī | praestentur |
| imperfect | praestārer | praestārēris, praestārēre | praestārētur | praestārēmur | praestārēminī | praestārentur | |
| perfect | praestātus or praestitus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | praestātus or praestitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | praestā | — | — | praestāte | — |
| future | — | praestātō | praestātō | — | praestātōte | praestantō | |
| passive | present | — | praestāre | — | — | praestāminī | — |
| future | — | praestātor | praestātor | — | — | praestantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | praestāre | praestitisse, praestāvisse | praestātūrum esse, praestitūrum esse | praestārī | praestātum esse, praestitum esse | praestātum īrī, praestitum īrī | |
| participles | praestāns | — | praestātūrus, praestitūrus | — | praestātus, praestitus | praestandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| praestandī | praestandō | praestandum | praestandō | praestātum, praestitum | praestātū, praestitū | ||
Derived terms
- praestātiō
- praestes
- matellam praestō alicui
Descendants
- Asturian: prestar
- Catalan: prestar
- → Dutch: presteren
- Danish: præstere
- → English: prest (through Old French), prestate, imprest
- French: prêter
- Friulian: imprestâ
- → German: prästieren
- Galician: prestar
- Italian: prestare
- Portuguese: prestar, prestes, emprestar
- Romanian: presta
- Sicilian: pristari, mpristari
- Spanish: prestar, emprestar
- → Swedish: prestera
- Venetian: inprestar
References
- “praesto”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “praesto”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- praesto in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2023) Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
- praesto in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- praesto in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to show kindness to..: benevolentiam alicui praestare, in aliquem conferre
- to keep faith with a person, keep one's word: fidem praestare alicui
- to fulfil a promise: fidem (promissum) praestare
- to be answerable for a person, a thing: praestare aliquem, aliquid, de aliqua re or Acc. c. Inf.
- to do one's duty: officium suum facere, servare, colere, tueri, exsequi, praestare
- to show kindness to..: benevolentiam alicui praestare, in aliquem conferre
- praesto in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016