pra-
See also: PRA, pra, prą, p'ra, and prä-
Czech
Etymology
From Old Czech pra- (“before (in time)”), from Proto-Slavic *pra-.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈpra]
Prefix
pra-
- great- (removed by one generation from)
- pra- + dědeček → pradědeček (“great-grandfather”)
- pra- + babička → prababička (“great-grandmother”)
- fore- (ancestor)
- pra- + otec → praotec (“forefather”)
- pra- + máti → pramáti (“foremother”)
- primaeval, primary
- pra- + les → prales (“primaeval forest”)
- pra- + člověk → pračlověk (“primaeval man”)
- pra- + hmota → prahmota (“primary matter”)
- (linguistics) proto-
- pra- + čeština → pračeština (“Proto-Czech”)
- pra- + slovanština → praslovanština (“Proto-Slavic”)
- Synonym: proto-
- very, extremely (intensifying the meaning of the original adjective)
- pra- + podivný → prapodivný (“very strange”)
- pra- + malý → pramalý (“extremely small”)
Derived terms
Czech terms prefixed with pra-
Related terms
- (very): prach-
References
- "pra-" in Jiří Rejzek, Český etymologický slovník, Leda, 2015, →ISBN, page 545.
Further reading
- pra- in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- pra-/prach- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
Esperanto
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian пра- (pra-) and Polish pra-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pra]
- Hyphenation: pra
Prefix
pra-
- ur-; primitive; primordial; prehistoric
- pra- + arbaro (“forest”) → praarbaro (“primordial forest”)
- pra- + besto (“animal”) → prabesto (“prehistoric animal”)
- pra- + homo (“human being”) → prahomo (“primitive man”)
- fore-
- pra- + patroj (“fathers”) → prapatroj (“forefathers”)
- pra- + ulo (“person”) → praulo (“ancestor”)
- great-
- pra- + avo (“grandfather”) → praavo (“great-grandfather”)
- pra- + onklino (“aunt”) → praonklino (“great-aunt”)
- pra- + nepo (“grandson”) → pranepo (“great-grandson”)
Derived terms
- praa (“ancient”)
- praulo (“ancestor”)
Esperanto terms prefixed with pra-
Indonesian
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Old Javanese pra-, from Sanskrit प्र- (pra-), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pra-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-.
Prefix
pra-
- pre-, before; earlier in time; beforehand.
- prasekolah ― preschool
- prasejarah ― prehistory
- prakata ― preface
Derived terms
Indonesian terms prefixed with pra-
Further reading
- “pra-” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Old Javanese
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Sanskrit प्र- (pra-), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *pra-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pra-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-.
Prefix
pra-
- a part of.
Alternative forms
- par-
Descendants
- → Indonesian: pra- (learned)
Prefix
pra-
- Alternative spelling of para-
Derived terms
Old Javanese terms prefixed with pra-
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pra-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pra/
Audio (file)
Prefix
pra-
- proto-, pre-, ur-
- pra- + porządek → praporządek (“preorder”)
- pra- + język → prajęzyk (“proto-language”)
- pra- + stary → prastary (“ancient”)
- prepended to ancestors before grandparents; great-
- pra- + dziadek → pradziadek (“great-grandfather”)
- pra- + babcia → prababcia (“great-grandmother”)
- prepended to descendants after grandchildren
- pra- + wnuk → prawnuk (“great-grandson”)
- pra- + wnuczka → prawnuczka (“great-granddaughter”)
Derived terms
Polish terms prefixed with pra-
See also
- proto-
Further reading
- pra- in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- pra- in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pra-.
Prefix
pra- (Cyrillic spelling пра-)
- appended to ancestors before grandparents
- pra- + dȅda → pradeda
- pra- + bȁba → pràbaba
- ur-; primitive; primordial; prehistoric
- pra- + postojbina → prapostojbina (“urheimat”)
- pra- + ìstōrija → praistorija (“prehistory”)
Derived terms
Serbo-Croatian terms prefixed with pra-
See also
- šukun-
- čukun-
Slovak
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pra-.
Prefix
pra-
- great- (removed by one generation from)
- pra- + ded → praded
- (linguistics) proto-
- pra- + slovanština → praslovanština
Derived terms
Slovak terms prefixed with pra-
Slovene
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pra-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /práː-/
Prefix
prȃ-
- great- (removed by one generation from)
- pra- + ded → praded
- (linguistics) proto-
- pra- + slovanščina → praslovanščina
Derived terms
Slovene terms prefixed with pra-
Further reading
- “pra-”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran