potentate

potentate

English

WOTD – 3 April 2010

Etymology

From Middle English potentat, from Old French, from Late Latin potentātus (“rule, political power”), from Latin potēns (“powerful, strong”), the active present participle of possum (“I am able”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈpəʊ.tən.teɪt/

  • Audio (UK)

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• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈpoʊ.tən.teɪt/

Noun

potentate (plural potentates)

1. A powerful leader; a monarch; a ruler.
   • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

   • 1900, Theodore Dreiser, "Sister Carrie"

     She was now one of a group of oriental beauties who, in the second act of the comic opera, were paraded by the vizier before the new potentate as the treasures of his harem.

2. A powerful polity or institution.
3. (derogatory) A self-important person.
4. (humorous) Someone acting in an important role.
   • 1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), OCLC 630079698, page 194:

     "Those foreigners," thought the female potentate of the Sun, "won't know what to order; but I'll show them what a good supper is."

Usage notes

This term usually carries connotations or implications of ancient despotism before advanced Western conceptions of civil law and Enlightenment values; in other words, a potentate can be described as a king or realm that exercises "raw", absolute power by decree and entrenched in "exotic" customs and traditions (cf. Orientalism). For example, a "Hindu potentate" would refer to those petty kings who controlled various small dominions in India before the British Raj. Particularly in the second sense, use of "potentate" to refer to Western states even before the modern era is rare, and may even be intended humorously in such a case.

Related terms

• potence
• potency
• potent
• potential
• potentiality

 

Translations

a powerful leader

Armenian: տիրակալ (hy) (tirakal), գերիշխան (hy) (gerišxan), միապետ (hy) (miapet) Bulgarian: властелин (bg) m (vlastelin) Czech: potentát (cs) m Danish: potentat c Finnish: potentaatti (fi), mahtimies (fi) French: potentat (fr), podestat (fr) German: Potentat (de) m, Potentatin (de) Hungarian: potentát, úr (hu), kényúr (hu), despota (hu), hatalmasság (hu) Icelandic: valdamaður m, burgeis m, höfðingi (is) m, þjóðhöfðingi m Ido: potento (io) Irish: monarc m, rialaitheoir m Italian: podestà (it), condottiere (it) Macedonian: мо́ќник m (móḱnik), вла́стелин m (vlástelin) Manx: flah Middle English: potestat Norwegian: potentat (no) m Polish: potentat (pl) m, magnat (pl) m Portuguese: potentado (pt) m, soberano (pt) m Romanian: potentat (ro) m Russian: властели́н (ru) m (vlastelín) Scottish Gaelic: cumhachdach m Spanish: líder (es), potentado (es), podestá, líder máximo, capo (es)

Adjective

potentate (comparative more potentate, superlative most potentate)

1. (obsolete) Regnant, powerful, dominant.