pommer
English
Etymology
From German Pommer, from Middle High German bumhart, from Italian bombarda.
Noun
pommer (plural pommers)
- (music) An alto, tenor, or bass instrument of the shawm family.
- 1900, Musical News, page 378:
- The treble pommer was the equivalent of our hautboy; the bass pommer corresponded to our bassoon. Midway between these lay the alto and tenor pommers, of which the former (the alto), was doubtless the forerunner of the cor anglais.
- 1936, Ray Giles, «Here Comes the Band!», New York, N.Y.; London: Harper & Brothers, page 176:
- The Emperor Sigismund, Pope John XXIII, and many other Church dignitaries and others high in the affairs of state, sat in the council which opened in that year and lasted until 1418. For this occasion there were gathered together some five hundred musicians who played on fifes, fiddles, trumps, trombones, and pommers.
- 1948, The Monthly Musical Record, page 230:
- The Fleming Denis van Alsloot’s ‘Procession of the Religious Orders from the Town of Antwerp…’, painted in 1616 shows with excellent clarity six musicians playing a trombone, two alto pommers, a discant schalmey, cornetto, and a dulzian played on the left side with the right hand uppermost, the exact opposite to the dulzian’s descendant, the bassoon, which is played the other way round.
-
Further reading
Pommer on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
French
Etymology
From pomme + -er.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɔ.me/
Audio (file)
Verb
pommer
- (of vegetables, especially cabbage and lettuce) to develop a fruit
Conjugation
Conjugation of pommer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | pommer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | pommant /pɔ.mɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | pommé /pɔ.me/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | pomme /pɔm/ | pommes /pɔm/ | pomme /pɔm/ | pommons /pɔ.mɔ̃/ | pommez /pɔ.me/ | pomment /pɔm/ |
| imperfect | pommais /pɔ.mɛ/ | pommais /pɔ.mɛ/ | pommait /pɔ.mɛ/ | pommions /pɔ.mjɔ̃/ | pommiez /pɔ.mje/ | pommaient /pɔ.mɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | pommai /pɔ.me/ | pommas /pɔ.ma/ | pomma /pɔ.ma/ | pommâmes /pɔ.mam/ | pommâtes /pɔ.mat/ | pommèrent /pɔ.mɛʁ/ | |
| future | pommerai /pɔm.ʁe/ | pommeras /pɔm.ʁa/ | pommera /pɔm.ʁa/ | pommerons /pɔm.ʁɔ̃/ | pommerez /pɔm.ʁe/ | pommeront /pɔm.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | pommerais /pɔm.ʁɛ/ | pommerais /pɔm.ʁɛ/ | pommerait /pɔm.ʁɛ/ | pommerions /pɔ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/ | pommeriez /pɔ.mə.ʁje/ | pommeraient /pɔm.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | pomme /pɔm/ | pommes /pɔm/ | pomme /pɔm/ | pommions /pɔ.mjɔ̃/ | pommiez /pɔ.mje/ | pomment /pɔm/ |
| imperfect2 | pommasse /pɔ.mas/ | pommasses /pɔ.mas/ | pommât /pɔ.ma/ | pommassions /pɔ.ma.sjɔ̃/ | pommassiez /pɔ.ma.sje/ | pommassent /pɔ.mas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | pomme /pɔm/ | — | pommons /pɔ.mɔ̃/ | pommez /pɔ.me/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “pommer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.