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单词 pollen
释义

pollen

See also: Pollen and pol·len

English

Etymology

From Latin pollen (“fine flour”). Used by Linnaeus in the 18th century to describe the spores produced in the anthers of flowers.

Pronunciation

  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈpɒlən/
  • (General American) IPA(key): /ˈpɑlən/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɒlən
  • Hyphenation: pol‧len

Noun

Pollen grains on a flower.

pollen (usually uncountable, plural pollens)

  1. A fine, granular substance produced in flowers.
  2. (botany) Pollen grains (microspores) produced in the anthers of flowering plants. [from mid 18th century]
    • 2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:
      In plants, the ability to recognize self from nonself plays an important role in fertilization, because self-fertilization will result in less diverse offspring than fertilization with pollen from another individual.
  3. (obsolete) Fine powder in general, fine flour. [16th-century per OED]
    • 1523-1525, John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners, Froissart's Chronicles‎, translation of original by Jean Froissart:
      and ther was good wyne of Gascoyne, […] as well of pollen, as of other vitailes

Derived terms

Derived terms
  • pollen analysis
  • pollenarious
  • pollen basket
  • pollen count
  • pollen counter
  • pollen grain
  • polleniferous
  • pollenize, pollenise
  • pollenlike
  • pollen mother cell
  • pollen parent
  • pollen sac
  • pollen tube
  • polleny
  • pollination
  • sporopollen
  • pollinate

Translations

Verb

pollen (third-person singular simple present pollens, present participle pollening, simple past and past participle pollened)

  1. (transitive, poetic) To cover with, or as if with, pollen.

See also

  • palynologic
  • palynological
  • palynologist
  • palynology

Danish

Etymology

From Latin pollen.

Noun

pollen n (singular definite pollenet, plural indefinite pollen)

  1. (botany) pollen

References

  • “pollen” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpɔ.lə(n)/
  • Hyphenation: pol‧len
  • Rhymes: -ɔlən

Etymology 1

From Latin pollen.

Noun

pollen n (uncountable)

  1. pollen
Usage notes

The common term in Dutch is stuifmeel. The term pollen is found in biology texts, but is furthermore in common use when identifying the causative agent of hay fever. In that sense, the word is often mistakenly construed as being plural (“Tranende, jeukende ogen en een loopneus: pollen zijn geen pretje”, Metro, 29 February 2016; “Er hangen al pollen in de lucht: hooikoortsseizoen is begonnen”, Het Laatste Nieuws, 10 January 2018; “Pollen kunnen nu al voor hooikoorts zorgen”, De Telegraaf, 22 December 2018).

Synonyms
  • stuifmeel

Etymology 2

From English poll.

Verb

pollen

  1. (computing) to poll, to periodically check the status of a device or variable.
Inflection
Inflection of pollen (weak)
infinitivepollen
past singularpollde
past participlegepolld
infinitivepollen
gerundpollen n
present tensepast tense
1st person singularpollpollde
2nd person sing. (jij)polltpollde
2nd person sing. (u)polltpollde
2nd person sing. (gij)polltpollde
3rd person singularpolltpollde
pluralpollenpollden
subjunctive sing.1pollepollde
subjunctive plur.1pollenpollden
imperative sing.poll
imperative plur.1pollt
participlespollendgepolld
1) Archaic.

Noun

pollen

  1. Plural form of pol

French

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin pollen.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /pɔ.lɛn/
  • Audio(file)

Noun

pollen m (plural pollens)

  1. pollen

Derived terms

  • pollinique
  • polliniser
    • pollinisateur

See also

  • palynologie
  • palynologique
  • palynologue

Further reading

  • “pollen”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

German

Verb

pollen (weak, third-person singular present pollt, past tense pollte, past participle gepollt, auxiliary haben)

  1. (computing) to poll, to periodically check the status of a device or variable.

Conjugation

Conjugation of pollen (weak, auxiliary haben)
infinitivepollen
present participlepollend
past participlegepollt
auxiliaryhaben
indicativesubjunctive
presentich pollewir polleniich pollewir pollen
du pollstihr polltdu pollestihr pollet
er polltsie pollener pollesie pollen
preteriteich polltewir pollteniiich pollte1wir pollten1
du polltestihr polltetdu polltest1ihr polltet1
er polltesie polltener pollte1sie pollten1
imperativepoll (du)
polle (du)		pollt (ihr)

1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

Composed forms of pollen (weak, auxiliary haben)
perfect
indicativeich habe gepolltwir haben gepolltsubjunctiveich habe gepolltwir haben gepollt
du hast gepolltihr habt gepolltdu habest gepolltihr habet gepollt
er hat gepolltsie haben gepollter habe gepolltsie haben gepollt
pluperfect
indicativeich hatte gepolltwir hatten gepolltsubjunctiveich hätte gepolltwir hätten gepollt
du hattest gepolltihr hattet gepolltdu hättest gepolltihr hättet gepollt
er hatte gepolltsie hatten gepollter hätte gepolltsie hätten gepollt
future i
infinitivepollen werdensubjunctive iich werdepollenwir werdenpollen
du werdestpollenihr werdetpollen
er werdepollensie werdenpollen
indicativeich werdepollenwir werdenpollensubjunctive iiich würdepollenwir würdenpollen
du wirstpollenihr werdetpollendu würdestpollenihr würdetpollen
er wirdpollensie werdenpollener würdepollensie würdenpollen
future ii
infinitivegepollt haben werdensubjunctive iich werde gepollt habenwir werden gepollt haben
du werdest gepollt habenihr werdet gepollt haben
er werde gepollt habensie werden gepollt haben
indicativeich werde gepollt habenwir werden gepollt habensubjunctive iiich würde gepollt habenwir würden gepollt haben
du wirst gepollt habenihr werdet gepollt habendu würdest gepollt habenihr würdet gepollt haben
er wird gepollt habensie werden gepollt habener würde gepollt habensie würden gepollt haben

Latin

Alternative forms

  • pollis

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“flour, dust”); compare with pulvis and Ancient Greek πάλη (pálē, “the finest meal”, “any fine dust”).

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈpol.len/, [ˈpɔlːʲɛn]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpol.len/, [ˈpɔlːen]

Noun

pollen n (genitive pollinis); third declension

  1. (literally) flour, especially fine flour, milldust
  2. (transferred sense) the (very) fine powder or dust of other things
    pollen piperis
    ground pepper [lit. powder of pepper]
    pollen tūris
    incense powder
    aliquid inpollen tundere
    to grind something into powder

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativepollenpollina
Genitivepollinispollinum
Dativepollinīpollinibus
Accusativepollenpollina
Ablativepollinepollinibus
Vocativepollenpollina

Synonyms

  • (transferred sense: fine powder or dust): pulvis

Derived terms

  • polenta
  • pollināris (Classical)
  • pollinārium (New Latin)
  • pollinārius (Classical)
  • pollinātus (Classical)
  • pollinicus (post-Classical)
  • pollinium (New Latin)
  • pollinivorus (New Latin)
  • pollinōdium (New Latin)
  • pollinoīdēs (New Latin)
  • pollinōsus (New Latin)

Descendants

  • Italian: polline
  • Neapolitan: ponila (Taranto), ponnula (Lecce)
  • Sardinian: poddine, poddini
  • → Catalan: pol·len
  • → English: pollen
  • → French: pollen
  • → German: Pollen
  • → Portuguese: pólen
  • → Spanish: polen

References

  • “pollen”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “pollen”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • pollĕn in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1,195/1
  • Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “pollen”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 9: Placabilis–Pyxis, page 131
  • Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “pŏllen”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 497

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin pollen.

Noun

pollen n (definite singular pollenet)

  1. (botany) pollen
  • pollinere
  • pollinering

References

  • “pollen” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpɔlːn̩/

Etymology 1

From Latin pollen.

Noun

pollen n (definite singular pollenet)

  1. (botany) pollen
  • pollinere
  • pollinering

Noun

pollen m

  1. definite singular of poll

References

  • “pollen” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Swedish

Noun

pollen n (uncountable)

  1. (botany) pollen

Declension

Declension of pollen 
Uncountable
IndefiniteDefinite
Nominativepollenpollenet——
Genitivepollenspollenets——
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