polis
English
Pronunciation
- enPR: pŏʹlĭs, IPA(key): /ˈpɒ.lɪs/
- enPR: pōʹlĭs, IPA(key): /ˈpoʊ.lɪs/
- Rhymes: -ɒlɪs
Etymology 1
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “fortified town; city state”).
Noun
polis (plural poleis or polises)
- (historical) A Greek city-state.
- 2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books 2007, page 161:
- By the end of the century, poleis had been established throughout the Hellenic world, all bearing a marked family resemblance.
-
Related terms
- -polis
Translations
|
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Scots polis. Doublet of police.
Alternative forms
- pollis
Noun
polis (countable and uncountable, plural polises)
- (uncountable, Scotland, Ireland, Tyneside) The police.
- 1994 [1993], Irvine Welsh, Trainspotting, London: Minerva, →ISBN, page 328:
- Even in his Ma's womb, you would have had to define Spud less as a foetus, more as a set of dormant drug and personality problems. He'd probably draw the polis onto them through knocking a saltcellar out of the Little Chef.
-
- (countable, Scotland, Ireland, Tyneside) A police officer.
Further reading
- Oxford Dictionaries Online. "polis". 2015.
- A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Bill Griffiths, 2005, Northumbria University Press, →ISBN
Anagrams
- spoil
Azerbaijani
Cyrillic | полис | |
---|---|---|
Perso-Arabic | پولیس |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [poˈlis]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: pol‧is
Noun
polis (definite accusative polisi, plural polislər)
- police (an organisation that enforces the law)
- polis idarəsi ― police department
- polis şöbəsi ― police station, police district
- polis əməkdaşı ― police employee
- police (member of the police force)
Declension
Declension of polis | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
nominative | polis | polislər | ||||||
definite accusative | polisi | polisləri | ||||||
dative | polisə | polislərə | ||||||
locative | polisdə | polislərdə | ||||||
ablative | polisdən | polislərdən | ||||||
definite genitive | polisin | polislərin |
Possessive forms of polis | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | polisim | polislərim | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | polisin | polislərin | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | polisi | polisləri | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | polisimiz | polislərimiz | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | polisiniz | polisləriniz | ||||||
onların (“their”) | polisi or polisləri | polisləri | ||||||
accusative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | polisimi | polislərimi | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | polisini | polislərini | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | polisini | polislərini | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | polisimizi | polislərimizi | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | polisinizi | polislərinizi | ||||||
onların (“their”) | polisini or polislərini | polislərini | ||||||
dative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | polisimə | polislərimə | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | polisinə | polislərinə | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | polisinə | polislərinə | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | polisimizə | polislərimizə | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | polisinizə | polislərinizə | ||||||
onların (“their”) | polisinə or polislərinə | polislərinə | ||||||
locative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | polisimdə | polislərimdə | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | polisində | polislərində | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | polisində | polislərində | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | polisimizdə | polislərimizdə | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | polisinizdə | polislərinizdə | ||||||
onların (“their”) | polisində or polislərində | polislərində | ||||||
ablative | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | polisimdən | polislərimdən | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | polisindən | polislərindən | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | polisindən | polislərindən | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | polisimizdən | polislərimizdən | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | polisinizdən | polislərinizdən | ||||||
onların (“their”) | polisindən or polislərindən | polislərindən | ||||||
genitive | ||||||||
singular | plural | |||||||
mənim (“my”) | polisimin | polislərimin | ||||||
sənin (“your”) | polisinin | polislərinin | ||||||
onun (“his/her/its”) | polisinin | polislərinin | ||||||
bizim (“our”) | polisimizin | polislərimizin | ||||||
sizin (“your”) | polisinizin | polislərinizin | ||||||
onların (“their”) | polisinin or polislərinin | polislərinin |
Cebuano
Etymology
From English police, from Middle French police, from Latin politia (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía).
Noun
polis
- A police officer; a cop.
- A civil force granted the legal authority for law enforcement and maintaining public order.
Czech
Etymology
International learned borrowing Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “fortified town; city state”).
Noun
polis f
- polis (ancient Greek city-state)
Related terms
- Akropole
- Akropolis
- antipolitický
- apolitický
- kosmopolita
- kosmopolitický
- kosmopolitismus
- kosmopolitní
- megalopole
- metropole
- nekropole
- polda
- policajt
- policie
- policista
- poliklinika
- poliš
- politbyro
- politický
- politik
- politika
- politikum
- politizace
- politizovat
Further reading
- polis in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu
- polis in Akademický slovník cizích slov, 1995, at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpoː.lɪs/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: po‧lis
Etymology 1
From French police (from Italian polizza, q.v.).
Noun
polis f (plural polissen, diminutive polisje n)
- insurance policy
- insurance plan
Derived terms
- verzekeringspolis
- woekerpolis
Descendants
- → Indonesian: polis
Etymology 2
International learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis) since the 1970s (probably via English polis).
Noun
polis f (plural poleis)
- (historical) A polis; an ancient, especially Ancient Greek, city state or city.
Finnish
Etymology
Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “fortified town; city state”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpolis/, [ˈpo̞lis̠]
- Rhymes: -olis
- Syllabification(key): po‧lis
Noun
polis
- (historical) A Greek city-state.
- 2011, Paavo Castrén, Uusi antiikin historia, Otava, page 117:
- Kreikkalainen polis tuli sekä etruski- että latinalaisten yhteisöjen esikuvaksi – –.
- The Greek polis came to be a role model for Estruscan and Latin communities alike – –
-
Declension
Inflection of polis (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | polis | polikset | |
genitive | poliksen | polisten poliksien | |
partitive | polista | poliksia | |
illative | polikseen | poliksiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | polis | polikset | |
accusative | nom. | polis | polikset |
gen. | poliksen | ||
genitive | poliksen | polisten poliksien | |
partitive | polista | poliksia | |
inessive | poliksessa | poliksissa | |
elative | poliksesta | poliksista | |
illative | polikseen | poliksiin | |
adessive | poliksella | poliksilla | |
ablative | polikselta | poliksilta | |
allative | polikselle | poliksille | |
essive | poliksena | poliksina | |
translative | polikseksi | poliksiksi | |
instructive | — | poliksin | |
abessive | poliksetta | poliksitta | |
comitative | — | poliksineen |
Possessive forms of polis (type vastaus) | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | polikseni | poliksemme |
2nd person | poliksesi | poliksenne |
3rd person | poliksensa |
Synonyms
- (general) kaupunkivaltio
Related terms
- -polis
- politiikka
French
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
polis
- inflection of polir:
- first/second-person singular present indicative
- first/second-person singular past historic
- second-person singular imperative
Participle
polis m pl
- masculine plural of the past participle of polir
Adjective
polis
- masculine plural of poli
Anagrams
- poils
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /polɪs/
- Hyphenation: po‧lis
Etymology 1
From Dutch polis (“insurance policy”), from French police (“policy”), from Italian polizza, from Ancient Greek ἀπόδειξις (apódeixis, “proof”). Compare to Malay polisi (“policy”).
Noun
polis (first-person possessive polisku, second-person possessive polismu, third-person possessive polisnya)
- insurance policy
Derived terms
- berpolis
Derived terms
- polis angsuran
- polis anuitas
- polis asuransi
- polis asuransi jiwa permanen
- polis bernilai
- polis kombinasi
- polis kumpulan
- polis lunas
- polis pajak warisan
- polis par
- polis penyertaan
- polis perjalanan
- polis proteksi ganda
- polis risiko tinggi
- polis terbatas
- polis terbayar penuh
- polis terbuka
Noun
polis (first-person possessive polisku, second-person possessive polismu, third-person possessive polisnya)
- nonstandard form of poles.
Usage notes
The word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian. The Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore usage can be seen in Malay polis.
Further reading
- “polis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Latin
Noun
polīs
- dative/ablative plural of polus
References
- polis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- “polis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “polis”, in William Smith, editor (1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
- “polis”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
Latvian
Etymology
Ultimately from Polish polak, Russian поля́к (polják) (under the influence of Old High German pōl — cf. German, English Pole — and perhaps also of Latvian dialectal bolis, polis (“ox without horns”)), itself derived from Polish pole (“field”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“light (color), gray”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pūōlis]
Noun
polis m (2nd declension, feminine form: poliete)
- a Pole, a Polish man, a man born in Poland
- pēc Livonijas kara poļi ieguva Vidzemi un Latgali ― after the Livonian War the Poles obtained Vidzeme and Latgale
- (genitive plural) Polish; pertaining to Poland and its people
- poļu valoda ― the Polish language
- poļu māksla ― Polish art
Declension
singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīvs) | polis | poļi |
accusative (akuzatīvs) | poli | poļus |
genitive (ģenitīvs) | poļa | poļu |
dative (datīvs) | polim | poļiem |
instrumental (instrumentālis) | poli | poļiem |
locative (lokatīvs) | polī | poļos |
vocative (vokatīvs) | poli | poļi |
Related terms
- Polija
- polisks
- poļu valoda
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “polis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Malay
Pronunciation
Audio (MY) (file)
Etymology 1
From English police, from Middle French police, from Latin politia (“state, government”), from Ancient Greek πολιτεία (politeía).
Noun
polis (plural polis-polis, informal 1st possessive polisku, 2nd possessive polismu, 3rd possessive polisnya)
- (Malaysia, Singapore, Riau) police, a civil force granted the legal authority for law enforcement and maintaining public order.
Usage notes
The word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Indonesian usage can be seen in Indonesian polis.
Alternative forms
- polisi (Indonesia esp. Riau)
Synonyms
- serdadu (Southern Thailand)
Derived terms
- anggota polis (“police officer”)
- balai polis (“police station”)
- kereta polis (“police car”)
References
- Kamus Bahasa Indonesia-Melayu Riau, Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 1997, →ISBN, page 308
Noun
polis (plural polis-polis, informal 1st possessive polisku, 2nd possessive polismu, 3rd possessive polisnya)
- (Indonesia) alternative spelling of polisi (“policy”), see Indonesian polis (“policy”).
Papiamentu
Etymology
From Spanish policía and Portuguese polícia and Dutch politie.
Noun
polis
- police
- policeman
Pijin
Noun
polis
- police
- willy wagtail
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis).
Noun
polis n (plural polisuri)
- polis
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) polis | polisul | (niște) polisuri | polisurile |
genitive/dative | (unui) polis | polisului | (unor) polisuri | polisurilor |
vocative | polisule | polisurilor |
Scots
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpolɪs/
Etymology 1
From the French police.
Noun
polis (countable and uncountable, plural polises)
- (uncountable) police
- 1987, Robbie Kydd, ...Auld Zimmery, Mariscat Press 1987:
- 'Listen then. Yer name's Andy MacPhail. That's whit us three has jist tellt the polis in wir statements. Okay?'
- 1991, Dr James Begg, Dipper: 20 – Cops and Robbers, Luath Press 1991:
- ‘Aye, Andra,' cam back the reply. 'We micht as weel caa it a day doun here. The hale bluidy place is hotchin wi polis! Come doun an get us at the Auld Raw.'
- 2007, Sheena Blackhall, The Quarry, Lochlands 2007:
- Brian hid contactit his granfaither, Pat, tae see gin the polis computers could raik up onythin ava tae makk eese o in persuadin Bappy Anderson tae pairt wi a kidney.
- 2013, Donal McLaughlin, translating Pedro Lenz, Naw Much of a Talker, Freight Books 2013, p. 51:
- Coont yirsel lucky ahm naw cawin the polis. Noo fuck off.
- 1987, Robbie Kydd, ...Auld Zimmery, Mariscat Press 1987:
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adjective
polis
- Polish
Verb
polis
- polish
- adorn, beautify
References
- http://www.dsl.ac.uk/ - Dictionary of the Scots Language
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpolis/ [ˈpo.lis]
- Rhymes: -olis
- Syllabification: po‧lis
Noun
polis m pl or f pl
- plural of poli
Etymology 2
From Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “city-state”).
Noun
polis f (plural polis)
- polis
Further reading
- “polis”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
Pronunciation
audio (file)
Noun
polis c
- (often in the definite "polisen") police (organization that enforces the law)
- a police officer
- Synonyms: polisman, (dated, now polisassistent) konstapel (“constable”)
Declension
Declension of polis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | polis | polisen | poliser | poliserna |
Genitive | polis | polisens | polisers | polisernas |
Colloquial or slang synonyms (police forces)
- snuten
- aina
- farbror blå
- bängen (dated)
- bylingen (dated)
Colloquial or slang synonyms (police officer)
- snut
- byling (dated)
Derived terms
- militärpolis
- ordningspolis
- polisagent
- polisanmäla
- polisanmälan
- polisarrest
- polisaspirant
- polisassessor
- polisassistent
- polisbefäl
- polisbevaka
- polisbevakning
- polisbil
- polisbricka
- polisbrutalitet
- polisbuss
- polisbåt
- polischef
- polischock
- polisdistrikt
- polisdomstol
- poliseskort
- polisfordon
- polisförhör
- polisförhöra
- polisförstärkning
- polishelikopter
- polishjälp
- polishund
- polishus
- polishäkte
- polishäst
- polishögkvarter
- polishögskola
- polisingripande
- polisinrättning
- polisinsats
- polisinspektör
- polisintendent
- polisiär
- polisjakt
- poliskask
- poliskedja
- poliskommissarie
- poliskonstapel
- poliskontroll
- poliskund
- poliskår
- polislarm
- polisledning
- polislås
- polismakt
- polisman
- polismisshandel
- polismyndighet
- polismästare
- polisofficer
- polisområde
- polisorganisation
- polispatrull
- polispersonal
- polispiket
- polisprotokoll
- polispådrag
- polisradio
- polisrapport
- polisrazzia
- polisregister
- polissamarbete
- polissekreterare
- polissiren
- polisskola
- polisskydd
- polisspärr
- polisstat
- polisstation
- polisstyrelse
- polisstyrka
- polistillstånd
- polistjänsteman
- polisundersökning
- polisuniform
- polisuppbåd
- polisutredning
- polisvakt
- polisvälde
- polisväsen
- polisväsende
- polisvåld
- polisyrket
- polisärende
- polisövervakning
- språkpolis
- säkerhetspolis
References
- polis in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
Tok Pisin
Etymology 1
From English police.
Noun
polis
- police
Etymology 2
From English polish.
Noun
polis
- polish
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish پولیس (polis), from French police.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /poˈlis/
- Hyphenation: po‧lis
Noun
polis (definite accusative polisi, plural polisler)
- police (an organisation that enforces the law)
- police officer
Usage notes
- This term is gender-neutral.
Declension
Inflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | polis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | polisi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | polis | polisler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | polisi | polisleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | polise | polislere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | poliste | polislerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | polisten | polislerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | polisin | polislerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Synonyms
- aynasız