plonger
French
Etymology
From Old French plongier, from Vulgar Latin *plumbicāre, from Latin plumbum (“lead”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /plɔ̃.ʒe/
audio (file)
Verb
plonger
- to dive
- to plunge
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written plonge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of plonger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | plonger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | plongeant /plɔ̃.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | plongé /plɔ̃.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | plonge /plɔ̃ʒ/ | plonges /plɔ̃ʒ/ | plonge /plɔ̃ʒ/ | plongeons /plɔ̃.ʒɔ̃/ | plongez /plɔ̃.ʒe/ | plongent /plɔ̃ʒ/ |
| imperfect | plongeais /plɔ̃.ʒɛ/ | plongeais /plɔ̃.ʒɛ/ | plongeait /plɔ̃.ʒɛ/ | plongions /plɔ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ | plongiez /plɔ̃.ʒje/ | plongeaient /plɔ̃.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | plongeai /plɔ̃.ʒe/ | plongeas /plɔ̃.ʒa/ | plongea /plɔ̃.ʒa/ | plongeâmes /plɔ̃.ʒam/ | plongeâtes /plɔ̃.ʒat/ | plongèrent /plɔ̃.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | plongerai /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁe/ | plongeras /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁa/ | plongera /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁa/ | plongerons /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | plongerez /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁe/ | plongeront /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | plongerais /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | plongerais /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | plongerait /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | plongerions /plɔ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ | plongeriez /plɔ̃.ʒə.ʁje/ | plongeraient /plɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | plonge /plɔ̃ʒ/ | plonges /plɔ̃ʒ/ | plonge /plɔ̃ʒ/ | plongions /plɔ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ | plongiez /plɔ̃.ʒje/ | plongent /plɔ̃ʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | plongeasse /plɔ̃.ʒas/ | plongeasses /plɔ̃.ʒas/ | plongeât /plɔ̃.ʒa/ | plongeassions /plɔ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ | plongeassiez /plɔ̃.ʒa.sje/ | plongeassent /plɔ̃.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | plonge /plɔ̃ʒ/ | — | plongeons /plɔ̃.ʒɔ̃/ | plongez /plɔ̃.ʒe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
- plonge
- plongée
- plongement
- plongeoir
- plongeon
- plongeur
- se plonger
Further reading
- “plonger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.