plane

plane

See also: Plane, plané, plañe, pláne, pláně, and Pläne

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pleɪn/, [pʰl̥eɪn]

• Audio - 'a plane' (UK)

  (file)

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪn
• Homophone: plain

Etymology 1

From Latin plānum (“flat surface”), a noun use of the neuter of plānus (“plain”). The word was introduced in the 17th century to distinguish the geometrical senses from the other senses of plain. Doublet of llano, piano, and plain.

Adjective

plane (comparative planer, superlative planest)

1. Of a surface: flat or level.

Translations

of a surface: flat or level.

Albanian: gdhend (sq) Armenian: հարթ (hy) (hartʿ), տափակ (hy) (tapʿak) Bashkir: тигеҙ (tigeð), яҫы (yaθı) Bulgarian: равен (bg) (raven), плосък (bg) (plosǎk) Catalan: pla (ca) Chinese: Mandarin: 水平的 (zh) (shuǐpíng de), 平面的 (zh) (píngmiàn de) Czech: plochý (cs), rovinný (cs) Danish: plan (da) Dutch: vlak (nl) Esperanto: ebena Finnish: tasainen (fi) French: plan (fr), plat (fr) Friulian: plan Georgian: ბრტყელი (brṭq̇eli) German: eben (de) Greek: επίπεδος (el) (epípedos), ίσος (el) m (ísos) Hebrew: מישורי‎ (mishori) Hindi: समतल (hi) (samtal) Hungarian: sík (hu), lapos (hu) Irish: plánach Italian: piano (it) Latvian: līdzens, gluds Mongolian: тэгш (mn) (tegš) Neapolitan: schianato Norwegian: plan (no) Polish: płaski (pl), równy (pl), poziomy (pl) Portuguese: plano (pt) Russian: пло́ский (ru) (plóskij), ро́вный (ru) (róvnyj) Spanish: plano (es) Swedish: plan (sv) Vietnamese: bằng (vi), phẳng (vi), bằng phẳng (vi)

Noun

plane (plural planes)

1. A level or flat surface.
2. (geometry) A flat surface extending infinitely in all directions (e.g. horizontal or vertical plane).
   • 1979 August, Graham Burtenshaw and Michael S. Welch, “O.V.S. Bulleid's SR loco-hauled coaches - 1”, in Railway World, page 396:

     Mirrors in the compartments have been canted out of the vertical plane to reduce reflections to the passengers when seated.

   1. (anatomy) An imaginary plane which divides the body into two portions.
3. A level of existence or development.

   astral plane

4. A roughly flat, thin, often moveable structure used to create lateral force by the flow of air or water over its surface, found on aircraft, submarines, etc. (Compare wing, airfoil, hydrofoil.)
5. (computing, Unicode) Any of 17 designated ranges of 2¹⁶ (65,536) sequential code points each.

Hyponyms

• (mathematics): real plane, complex plane
• (anatomy): coronal plane, frontal plane, sagittal plane, transverse plane
• (level of existence): astral plane
• (control surface): diving plane
• (Unicode): BMP, PUP, SIP, SMP, SPUA, SSP, supplementary plane, TIP

Derived terms

• biplane
• interplane
• intraplane
• monoplane
• multiplane
• plane geometry
• plane of existence
• planeswalker
• quadruplane
• sesquiplane
• subplane
• triplane

 

Related terms

• plain
• planar
• planate

Descendants

• → Irish: plána

Translations

level or flat surface

Azerbaijani: yastılıq Bulgarian: равнина (bg) f (ravnina) Chinese: Mandarin: 平面 (zh) Finnish: taso (fi) Greek: επίπεδο (el) n (epípedo) Gujarati: સપાટ (sapāṭ), સમતલ (samtal), સમતળ (samtaḷ) Hindi: समतल (hi) (samtal) Hungarian: sík (hu) Italian: piano (it) m Japanese: 平面 (ja) (heimen) Kannada: ಸಮತಲ (kn) (samatala) Maori: haupapa Polish: równia f Slovene: ravnina (sl) f Spanish: plano (es) m Swedish: plan (sv) n Turkish: düzlem (tr)

math: flat surface extending infinitely in all directions

Armenian: հարթություն (hy) (hartʿutʿyun) Bulgarian: равнина (bg) f (ravnina) Catalan: pla (ca) m Chinese: Mandarin: please add this translation if you can Czech: rovina (cs) f, plocha (cs) f Danish: plan (da) c Dutch: vlak (nl) n Esperanto: ebeno (eo) Estonian: tasand Finnish: taso (fi) French: plan (fr) m German: Ebene (de) f Greek: επίπεδο (el) n (epípedo) Hebrew: (please verify) מישור‎ (he) m (mishor) Hindi: समतल (hi) (samtal) Hungarian: sík (hu) Ido: (please verify) plano (io) Irish: plána m Italian: piano (it) m Japanese: 平面 (ja) (heimen) Kannada: ಸಮತಲ (kn) (samatala) Khmer: ផ្ទៃរាប (phtɨyriəp) Latin: planum n Latvian: plakne (lv) f Lithuanian: plokštuma Malay: satah Norwegian: plan (no) n Persian: (please verify) صفحه‎ (fa) Polish: płaszczyzna (pl) f Portuguese: plano (pt) m Romanian: plan (ro) n Russian: пло́скость (ru) f (plóskostʹ) Slovak: (please verify) rovina f Spanish: plano (es) m Swedish: plan (sv) n Tagalog: lapya Telugu: (please verify) తలము (te) (talamu) Thai: please add this translation if you can Turkish: yüzey (tr) Vietnamese: mặt phẳng (vi)

level of existence

Armenian: մակարդակ (hy) (makardak) Bashkir: кимәл (kimäl) Bulgarian: измерение (bg) n (izmerenie) Czech: rovina (cs) f Danish: plan (da) n Dutch: vlak (nl) n Finnish: taso (fi) German: Ebene (de) f Italian: piano (it) m Norwegian: plan (no) n Polish: wymiar (pl) m inan, poziom (pl) m inan Portuguese: plano (pt) m Russian: у́ровень (ru) m (úrovenʹ) Slovak: rovina f Slovene: raven (sl) f Swedish: plan (sv) n Vietnamese: trình độ (vi), mức (vi)

structure to create lateral force

Finnish: siipi (fi)

Etymology 2

From Middle English plane, plaine, from Anglo-Norman plaine, from Late Latin plāna (“planing tool”).

Noun

a rebate plane

plane (plural planes)

1. (countable, carpentry) A tool for smoothing wood by removing thin layers from the surface.

Translations

a tool

Albanian: zdrukth (sq) m Arabic: مِسْحَاج‎ m (misḥāj), مِنْجَرَة‎ f (minjara) Aramaic: Classical Syriac: ܥܘܒܐ‎ m (ʿubbā), ܚܠܘܠܐ‎ m (ḥālōlā), ܪܩܢܐ‎ m (riqnā), ܦܣܛܪ‎ m, ܓܘܪܢܝܬܐ‎ f Armenian: ռանդա (hy) (ṙanda) Aromanian: strug n Azerbaijani: sıyırqac Bashkir: йышҡы (yışqı) Bulgarian: ренде n (rende) Catalan: ribot (ca) m Chinese: Mandarin: 鉋刀／刨刀 (zh) (bàodāo), 鉋子／刨子 (zh) Czech: hoblík (cs) m, struh m Danish: høvl (da) c Dutch: schaaf (nl) Esperanto: rabotilo Estonian: höövel Faroese: høvil m Finnish: höylä (fi) French: rabot (fr) m German: Hobel (de) m Greek: πλάνη (el) f (pláni) Ancient: ῥυκάνη f (rhukánē) Hebrew: מקצוע‎ (he) m (maktsoa) Hindi: रंदा (hi) (randā) Hungarian: gyalu (hu) Icelandic: hefill (is) m Irish: plána m Italian: pialla (it), piallatrice f, pialletto (it) m Japanese: 鉋 (ja) (かんな, kanna) Kazakh: жонғы (jonğy) Korean: 대패 (ko) (daepae) Ladin: plana f Latin: runcīna f, plāna f Latvian: ēvele f Lombard: piana (lmo) f Luhya: eranda Luxembourgish: Huwwel m Macedonian: струг m (strug) Maltese: varloppa f Maori: kota, waru (mi) Neapolitan: chiana f Norwegian: høvel (no) m Old English: sceafa (ang) m Persian: رنده‎ (fa) (rande) Piedmontese: piana f Polish: hebel (pl) m, strug (pl) m Portuguese: plaina (pt) f Romanian: rindea (ro) f Russian: руба́нок (ru) m (rubánok), струг (ru) m (strug), калёвка (ru) f (kaljóvka) (beading plane), шерхе́бель (ru) m (šerxébelʹ) (jack plane) Sardinian: prana f Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: стру̑г m, стру́жица f, рѐнде n, бла̏ња f, хо́бл m, хо̏блић m Latin: strȗg (sh) m, strúžica f, rènde (sh) n, blȁnja (sh) f, hóbl (sh) m, hȍblić m Sicilian: chiana (scn) f Slovak: hoblík (sk) Slovene: skǫ́bəlj m Spanish: cepillo (es) m Swahili: randa (sw) Swedish: hyvel (sv) Tagalog: katam Turkish: Ottoman Turkish: رنده‎ (rende), پلانیه‎ (planya) Modern Turkish: rende (tr), planya (tr) Turkmen: rende, ýongy Ukrainian: руба́нок m (rubánok), ге́мбель m (hémbelʹ) (slang) Uyghur: رەندە‎ (rende) Venetian: piana f Vietnamese: bào (vi) Vilamovian: hūwuł Yup'ik: estulussaq

See also

• rhykenologist

Verb

plane (third-person singular simple present planes, present participle planing, simple past and past participle planed)

1. (transitive, carpentry) To smooth (wood) with a plane.

Translations

to smooth with a plane

Arabic: سَحَجَ‎ (saḥaja) Bashkir: йышыу (yışıw) Bulgarian: рендосвам (bg) (rendosvam) Chinese: Mandarin: 刨 (zh) (páo) Czech: hoblovat Danish: høvle Dutch: schaven (nl) Estonian: hööveldama Finnish: höylätä (fi) French: raboter (fr) German: hobeln (de) Greek: πλανίζω (el) (planízo) Hebrew: הקציע‎ (he) (hiktsia) Icelandic: hefla Irish: plánáil Italian: piallare (it) Japanese: 削る (ja) (けずる, kezuru) Kazakh: сүргілеу (sürgıleu) Latvian: ēvelēt Luxembourgish: huwwelen Maori: whakaene, waru (mi) Norwegian: høvle Polish: heblować, strugać (pl) Portuguese: aplainar (pt) Romanian: rabota (ro) Russian: строга́ть (ru) (strogátʹ) Slovak: hobľovať Slovene: skoblati Spanish: cepillar (es), dolar (es) Swahili: randa (sw) Swedish: hyvla (sv) Telugu: చిత్రిక పట్టు (citrika paṭṭu) Ukrainian: струга́ти руба́нком impf (struháty rubánkom), гемблюва́ти impf (hembljuváty) (slang), гембелюва́ти impf (hembeljuváty) (slang) Vietnamese: bào (vi) (刨)

Etymology 3

Clipping of aeroplane.

Noun

plane (plural planes)

1. An airplane; an aeroplane.
   • 2013 September 6, Tom Cheshire, “Solar-powered travel”, in The Guardian Weekly‎, volume 189, number 13, page 34:

     The plane is travelling impossibly slowly – 30km an hour – when it gently noses up and leaves the ground. With air beneath them, the rangy wings seem to gain strength; the fuselage that on the ground seemed flimsy becomes elegant, like a crane vaunting in flight. It seems not to fly, though, so much as float.

2. (entomology) Any of various nymphalid butterflies, of various genera, having a slow gliding flight.

   Synonym: aeroplane

3. (entomology) The butterfly Bindahara phocides, family Lycaenidae, of Asia and Australasia.

Derived terms

• floatplane
• planeside
• planespotter
• planespotting
• plane ticket
• seaplane

 

Translations

airplane

Arabic: طَائِرَة‎ (ar) f (ṭāʾira), طَيَّارَة‎ (ar) f (ṭayyāra) Egyptian Arabic: طيارة‎ f (ṭayaara) Moroccan Arabic: طيارة‎ f (ṭiyyāra) Armenian: ինքնաթիռ (hy) (inkʿnatʿiṙ), օդանավ (hy) (ōdanav) Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܛܲܝܵܣܬܵܐ‎ f (ṭāyasta) Asturian: avión (ast) m Bashkir: самолёт (samolyot) Bulgarian: самолет (bg) m (samolet) Catalan: avió (ca) m Cherokee: ᏥᏳ ᎦᏃᎯᎵᏙᎯ (tsiyu ganohilidohi) Chinese: Mandarin: 飛機／飞机 (zh) (fēijī) Chukchi: риӈэнэӈ (riṇėnėṇ) Czech: letadlo (cs) n, letoun (cs) m Danish: flyver c Dutch: vliegtuig (nl) n Esperanto: aviadilo Finnish: lentokone (fi), kone (fi) French: avion (fr) m Georgian: თვითმფრინავი (ka) (tvitmprinavi) German: Flugzeug (de) n, (colloquial) Flieger (de) m, (informal) Maschine (de) f Greek: αεροπλάνο (el) n (aeropláno) Gujarati: વિમાન (vimān) Hebrew: מטוס‎ (he) m (matós), מָטוֹס‎ (he) m (matós), אווירון‎ (he) n (avirón), אֲוִירוֹן‎ (he) n (avirón) Hindi: विमान (hi) (vimān) Hungarian: repülőgép (hu), (colloquial) repülő (hu) Irish: eitleán (ga) m Italian: aereo (it) m, aeroplano (it) m Japanese: 飛行機 (ja) (hikōki) Kashmiri: پلین‎ (plēn) Latvian: lidmašīna f Lithuanian: lėktuvas (lt) m Luxembourgish: Fliger (lb) m Macedonian: авио́н m (avión) Manchu: ᡩᡝᠶᡝᡨᡠᠨ (deyetun) Mongolian: онгоц (mn) (ongoc) Navajo: chidí naatʼaʼí Norman: avion m Norwegian: fly (no) n Ojibwe: bemisemagak Polish: samolot (pl) m Portuguese: avião (pt) m, aeroplano (pt) m Russian: самолёт (ru) m (samoljót) Scottish Gaelic: plèan m, plèan m or f, itealan m, plèana m or f Slovak: lietadlo (sk) n Slovene: letalo (sl) n, avion (sl) m Spanish: avión (es) m Swahili: ndege (sw) Swedish: plan (sv) n Tok Pisin: balus (tpi) Turkish: uçak (tr), (obsolete) tayyare (tr) Ukrainian: літак (uk) (litak) Vietnamese: máy bay (vi), (poetic) tàu bay (vi) Volapük: flitöm (vo), flitömil (diminutive), leflitöm (augmentative) Walloon: avion (wa) f, areyoplane (wa) f, plane (wa) m (originally in Wisconsin Walloon community)

Verb

Three PT boats planing, with their bows lifted out of the water.

plane (third-person singular simple present planes, present participle planing, simple past and past participle planed)

1. (nautical, of a boat) To move in a way that lifts the bow out of the water.
2. To glide or soar.

Translations

to move in a way that lifts the bow of a boat out of the water

Bulgarian: глисирам (glisiram) Finnish: liukua (fi), plaanata (fi), nousta plaaniin Italian: planare (it) Norwegian: plane (no) Swedish: plana (sv)

to glide

Bulgarian: планирам (bg) (planiram) Chinese: Mandarin: 滑翔 (zh) (huáxiáng) Czech: plachtit Dutch: glijden (nl) Finnish: liitää (fi), liukua (fi) French: planer (fr) German: gleiten (de) Italian: planare (it) Latvian: planēt Polish: szybować (pl) Portuguese: plainar (pt), pairar (pt) Russian: парить (ru) (paritʹ) Spanish: planear (es)

Etymology 4

From Middle English plane, borrowed from Old French plane, from Latin platanus, from Ancient Greek πλάτανος (plátanos), from πλατύς (platús, “wide, broad”).

Noun

plane (plural planes)

1. (countable) A deciduous tree of the genus Platanus.
2. (Northern UK) A sycamore.

Derived terms

• Cape plane
• oriental plane

Translations

deciduous tree

Abkhaz: аҷандар (ačʼandar) (oriental plane) Akkadian: 𒄑𒄢𒁍 m (GIŠGUL.BU /dulbu/) Albanian: çinar m, rrap (sq) m Arabic: دُلْب‎ m (dulb), صِنَار‎ m (ṣinār) Aramaic: Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: דּוּלְבָא‎ m (dulbā) Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: דּוּלְבָא‎ m (dulbā) Classical Syriac: ܕܘܠܒܐ‎ m (dulbā) Armenian: չինարի (hy) (čʿinari), չինար (hy) (čʿinar), սոսի (hy) (sosi), տնջրի (tnǰri) (Karabakh) Middle Armenian: ճանդարի (čandari) Old Armenian: սօսի (sōsi) Aromanian: platan m, paltin m Avar: чинари (činari) Azerbaijani: çinar (az) Bulgarian: чинар (bg) m (činar), платан m (platan) Chinese: Mandarin: 法桐 (fǎtóng) Czech: platan (cs) m Danish: platan (da) c Dutch: plataan (nl) m Finnish: plataanipuu (fi) French: platane (fr) m Galician: plátano (gl) m Georgian: ჭანდარი (č̣andari), ჭადარი (č̣adari), ჩინარი (činari) German: Platane (de) f Greek: πλάτανος (el) m (plátanos) Ancient: πλάτανος m (plátanos) Hebrew: דולב‎ m (dolev) Hungarian: platán (hu) Irish: plána m Italian: platano (it) m Kabardian: тхушэдеяфэ (txʷušedeejaafe) (oriental plane) Kurdish: Northern Kurdish: çinar (ku) m Latin: platanus f Latvian: platāna f Laz: ყავლანი (qavlani) Luxembourgish: Platan f Macedonian: чинар m (činar) Malayalam: ചിനാർ (cināṟ) Middle Persian: cynʾl (/činār/) (oriental plane) Mingrelian: ჭადარი (č̣adari) Norwegian: Bokmål: platan m Nynorsk: platan m Persian: چنار‎ (fa) (čenâr), دلب‎ (fa) (dolb) Polish: platan (pl) m Portuguese: plátano (pt) m Romanian: platan (ro) m Russian: плата́н (ru) m (platán), чина́р (ru) m (činár), чина́ра (ru) f (činára) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: пла̀та̄н m Latin: plàtān (sh) m Slovak: platan (sk) m Slovene: platȃna (sl) f Spanish: platano m Svan: ჭანდა̈რ (č̣andär) Swedish: platan (sv) c, platanträd (sv) n Turkish: Ottoman Turkish: چنار‎ (çınar) Modern Turkish: çınar (tr) Ukrainian: чинар m (čynar) Urdu: چنار‎ m (činar) Uzbek: chinor (uz) Vietnamese: cây (vi) tiêu huyền Welsh: pilcoes m

Further reading

• Plane on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Alpen, Nepal, Palen, Plean, palen, panel, penal, plena

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /plan/

• Audio

  (file)

• Homophone: planes

Adjective

plane

1. feminine singular of plan

Verb

plane

1. inflection of planer:
   1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
   2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

• Népal, pénal

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German

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

plane

1. inflection of planen:
   1. first-person singular present
   2. first/third-person singular subjunctive I
   3. singular imperative

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Latin

Etymology

From plānus (“intelligible, clear”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈplaː.neː/, [ˈpɫ̪äːneː]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpla.ne/, [ˈpläːne]

Adverb

plānē (comparative plānius, superlative plānissimē)

1. plainly (to the senses or understanding), distinctly, intelligibly
2. (emphasising correctness) clearly, obviously
   1. (also used as an affirmative answer)
3. wholly, utterly, thoroughly, quite

Related terms

• plānus

Descendants

• Hungarian: pláne

References

• “plānē” on page 1526 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)

Further reading

• “plane”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “plane”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• plane in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• plane in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to speak openly, straightforwardly: plane, aperte dicere
    
  • to banish all sad thoughts: omnem luctum plane abstergere
    

Anagrams

• plēnā, plēna

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Adjective

plane

1. definite singular of plan
2. plural of plan

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Portuguese

Verb

plane

1. inflection of planar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

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Swedish

Adjective

plane

1. absolute definite natural masculine singular of plan.

Anagrams

• Nepal, alpen