plafonner
French
Etymology
From plafond + -er.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
plafonner
- (transitive) to cap (put an upper limit on)
- (intransitive) to reach one's upper limit
Conjugation
Conjugation of plafonner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | plafonner | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | plafonnant /pla.fɔ.nɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | plafonné /pla.fɔ.ne/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | plafonne /pla.fɔn/ | plafonnes /pla.fɔn/ | plafonne /pla.fɔn/ | plafonnons /pla.fɔ.nɔ̃/ | plafonnez /pla.fɔ.ne/ | plafonnent /pla.fɔn/ |
imperfect | plafonnais /pla.fɔ.nɛ/ | plafonnais /pla.fɔ.nɛ/ | plafonnait /pla.fɔ.nɛ/ | plafonnions /pla.fɔ.njɔ̃/ | plafonniez /pla.fɔ.nje/ | plafonnaient /pla.fɔ.nɛ/ | |
past historic2 | plafonnai /pla.fɔ.ne/ | plafonnas /pla.fɔ.na/ | plafonna /pla.fɔ.na/ | plafonnâmes /pla.fɔ.nam/ | plafonnâtes /pla.fɔ.nat/ | plafonnèrent /pla.fɔ.nɛʁ/ | |
future | plafonnerai /pla.fɔn.ʁe/ | plafonneras /pla.fɔn.ʁa/ | plafonnera /pla.fɔn.ʁa/ | plafonnerons /pla.fɔn.ʁɔ̃/ | plafonnerez /pla.fɔn.ʁe/ | plafonneront /pla.fɔn.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | plafonnerais /pla.fɔn.ʁɛ/ | plafonnerais /pla.fɔn.ʁɛ/ | plafonnerait /pla.fɔn.ʁɛ/ | plafonnerions /pla.fɔ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ | plafonneriez /pla.fɔ.nə.ʁje/ | plafonneraient /pla.fɔn.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | plafonne /pla.fɔn/ | plafonnes /pla.fɔn/ | plafonne /pla.fɔn/ | plafonnions /pla.fɔ.njɔ̃/ | plafonniez /pla.fɔ.nje/ | plafonnent /pla.fɔn/ |
imperfect2 | plafonnasse /pla.fɔ.nas/ | plafonnasses /pla.fɔ.nas/ | plafonnât /pla.fɔ.na/ | plafonnassions /pla.fɔ.na.sjɔ̃/ | plafonnassiez /pla.fɔ.na.sje/ | plafonnassent /pla.fɔ.nas/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | plafonne /pla.fɔn/ | — | plafonnons /pla.fɔ.nɔ̃/ | plafonnez /pla.fɔ.ne/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
- plafonnement
Further reading
- “plafonner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.