piger
Danish
Noun
piger c
- indefinite plural of pige
French
Etymology
Believed to be derived from an adjective meaning "caught", from Late Latin *pedicus, from Latin pedica (“snare, shackle, fetter”), and therefore doublet of piéger.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pi.ʒe/
Audio (file)
Verb
piger
- (informal, slang) to understand; to get, to catch on, to twig, to cotton on
- Synonym: entraver
- (Canada) to choose at random; to draw
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written pige- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
| infinitive | simple | piger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | pigeant /pi.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | pigé /pi.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | pige /piʒ/ | piges /piʒ/ | pige /piʒ/ | pigeons /pi.ʒɔ̃/ | pigez /pi.ʒe/ | pigent /piʒ/ |
| imperfect | pigeais /pi.ʒɛ/ | pigeais /pi.ʒɛ/ | pigeait /pi.ʒɛ/ | pigions /pi.ʒjɔ̃/ | pigiez /pi.ʒje/ | pigeaient /pi.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | pigeai /pi.ʒe/ | pigeas /pi.ʒa/ | pigea /pi.ʒa/ | pigeâmes /pi.ʒam/ | pigeâtes /pi.ʒat/ | pigèrent /pi.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | pigerai /piʒ.ʁe/ | pigeras /piʒ.ʁa/ | pigera /piʒ.ʁa/ | pigerons /piʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | pigerez /piʒ.ʁe/ | pigeront /piʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | pigerais /piʒ.ʁɛ/ | pigerais /piʒ.ʁɛ/ | pigerait /piʒ.ʁɛ/ | pigerions /pi.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ | pigeriez /pi.ʒə.ʁje/ | pigeraient /piʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | pige /piʒ/ | piges /piʒ/ | pige /piʒ/ | pigions /pi.ʒjɔ̃/ | pigiez /pi.ʒje/ | pigent /piʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | pigeasse /pi.ʒas/ | pigeasses /pi.ʒas/ | pigeât /pi.ʒa/ | pigeassions /pi.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ | pigeassiez /pi.ʒa.sje/ | pigeassent /pi.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | pige /piʒ/ | — | pigeons /pi.ʒɔ̃/ | pigez /pi.ʒe/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “piger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin
Etymology
From pigeō (“to feel annoyance at, feel reluctance at”), from Proto-Indo-European *peyǵ- (“ill-meaning, evil-minded, treacherous, hostile, bad”). Related to Old English ġefic (“fraud, deceit, deception”), Old English fācen (“deceit, fraud, treachery, sin, evil, crime, blemish, fault”), Middle High German veichen (“dissembling, deceit, fraud”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈpi.ɡer/, [ˈpɪɡɛr]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈpi.d͡ʒer/, [ˈpiːd͡ʒer]
Adjective
piger (feminine pigra, neuter pigrum); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)
- backward, slow, dull, lazy, indolent, sluggish, inactive
- Synonyms: dēses, iners, sēgnis, ignāvus, socors, murcidus, languidus
- Antonyms: vīvus, strēnuus, impiger, alacer, ācer
- unwilling, reluctant, averse
Declension
First/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er).
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | piger | pigra | pigrum | pigrī | pigrae | pigra | |
| Genitive | pigrī | pigrae | pigrī | pigrōrum | pigrārum | pigrōrum | |
| Dative | pigrō | pigrō | pigrīs | ||||
| Accusative | pigrum | pigram | pigrum | pigrōs | pigrās | pigra | |
| Ablative | pigrō | pigrā | pigrō | pigrīs | |||
| Vocative | piger | pigra | pigrum | pigrī | pigrae | pigra | |
Derived terms
- pigrō
- pigritia
Descendants
- Italian: pigro
- → Esperanto: pigra
- Spanish: pigre, pigro
References
- “piger”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “piger”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- piger in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- piger in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016