phuma

Phuthi

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni [Term?], from Proto-Bantu *-púma.

Verb

-phúma

to come out, to exit

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni [Term?], from Proto-Bantu *-púma.

Noun

-phúma

to get out, to come out, to exit

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Swazi

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni [Term?], from Proto-Bantu *-púma.

Verb

-phúma

to come out, to exit

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni [Term?], from Proto-Bantu *-púma.

Verb

-phúma

(intransitive) to come out, to exit
Synonym: -hamba

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Nguni [Term?], from Proto-Bantu *-púma.

Verb

-phúma

(intransitive) to come out, to exit
(intransitive) to come from, to originate from
(intransitive) to rise (of the sun)
(transitive) to emit, to secrete, to discharge

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukuphuma
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuphuma	ukungaphumi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	phuma	-phume
Plural	phumani	-phumeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaphuma, ngiphuma	engiphumayo, engiphuma	ngiphuma	angiphumi	engingaphumi	ngingaphumi
2nd singular	uyaphuma, uphuma	ophumayo, ophuma	uphuma	awuphumi	ongaphumi	ungaphumi
1st plural	siyaphuma, siphuma	esiphumayo, esiphuma	siphuma	asiphumi	esingaphumi	singaphumi
2nd plural	niyaphuma, niphuma	eniphumayo, eniphuma	niphuma	aniphumi	eningaphumi	ningaphumi
Class 1	uyaphuma, uphuma	ophumayo, ophuma	ephuma	akaphumi	ongaphumi	engaphumi
Class 2	bayaphuma, baphuma	abaphumayo, abaphuma	bephuma	abaphumi	abangaphumi	bengaphumi
Class 3	uyaphuma, uphuma	ophumayo, ophuma	uphuma	awuphumi	ongaphumi	ungaphumi
Class 4	iyaphuma, iphuma	ephumayo, ephuma	iphuma	ayiphumi	engaphumi	ingaphumi
Class 5	liyaphuma, liphuma	eliphumayo, eliphuma	liphuma	aliphumi	elingaphumi	lingaphumi
Class 6	ayaphuma, aphuma	aphumayo, aphuma	ephuma	awaphumi	angaphumi	engaphumi
Class 7	siyaphuma, siphuma	esiphumayo, esiphuma	siphuma	asiphumi	esingaphumi	singaphumi
Class 8	ziyaphuma, ziphuma	eziphumayo, eziphuma	ziphuma	aziphumi	ezingaphumi	zingaphumi
Class 9	iyaphuma, iphuma	ephumayo, ephuma	iphuma	ayiphumi	engaphumi	ingaphumi
Class 10	ziyaphuma, ziphuma	eziphumayo, eziphuma	ziphuma	aziphumi	ezingaphumi	zingaphumi
Class 11	luyaphuma, luphuma	oluphumayo, oluphuma	luphuma	aluphumi	olungaphumi	lungaphumi
Class 14	buyaphuma, buphuma	obuphumayo, obuphuma	buphuma	abuphumi	obungaphumi	bungaphumi
Class 15	kuyaphuma, kuphuma	okuphumayo, okuphuma	kuphuma	akuphumi	okungaphumi	kungaphumi
Class 17	kuyaphuma, kuphuma	okuphumayo, okuphuma	kuphuma	akuphumi	okungaphumi	kungaphumi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiphumile, ngiphumē	engiphumile, engiphumē	ngiphumile, ngiphumē	angiphumanga	engingaphumanga	ngingaphumanga
2nd singular	uphumile, uphumē	ophumile, ophumē	uphumile, uphumē	awuphumanga	ongaphumanga	ungaphumanga
1st plural	siphumile, siphumē	esiphumile, esiphumē	siphumile, siphumē	asiphumanga	esingaphumanga	singaphumanga
2nd plural	niphumile, niphumē	eniphumile, eniphumē	niphumile, niphumē	aniphumanga	eningaphumanga	ningaphumanga
Class 1	uphumile, uphumē	ophumile, ophumē	ephumile, ephumē	akaphumanga	ongaphumanga	engaphumanga
Class 2	baphumile, baphumē	abaphumile, abaphumē	bephumile, bephumē	abaphumanga	abangaphumanga	bengaphumanga
Class 3	uphumile, uphumē	ophumile, ophumē	uphumile, uphumē	awuphumanga	ongaphumanga	ungaphumanga
Class 4	iphumile, iphumē	ephumile, ephumē	iphumile, iphumē	ayiphumanga	engaphumanga	ingaphumanga
Class 5	liphumile, liphumē	eliphumile, eliphumē	liphumile, liphumē	aliphumanga	elingaphumanga	lingaphumanga
Class 6	aphumile, aphumē	aphumile, aphumē	ephumile, ephumē	awaphumanga	angaphumanga	engaphumanga
Class 7	siphumile, siphumē	esiphumile, esiphumē	siphumile, siphumē	asiphumanga	esingaphumanga	singaphumanga
Class 8	ziphumile, ziphumē	eziphumile, eziphumē	ziphumile, ziphumē	aziphumanga	ezingaphumanga	zingaphumanga
Class 9	iphumile, iphumē	ephumile, ephumē	iphumile, iphumē	ayiphumanga	engaphumanga	ingaphumanga
Class 10	ziphumile, ziphumē	eziphumile, eziphumē	ziphumile, ziphumē	aziphumanga	ezingaphumanga	zingaphumanga
Class 11	luphumile, luphumē	oluphumile, oluphumē	luphumile, luphumē	aluphumanga	olungaphumanga	lungaphumanga
Class 14	buphumile, buphumē	obuphumile, obuphumē	buphumile, buphumē	abuphumanga	obungaphumanga	bungaphumanga
Class 15	kuphumile, kuphumē	okuphumile, okuphumē	kuphumile, kuphumē	akuphumanga	okungaphumanga	kungaphumanga
Class 17	kuphumile, kuphumē	okuphumile, okuphumē	kuphumile, kuphumē	akuphumanga	okungaphumanga	kungaphumanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāphuma	engāphuma	ngāphuma	angiphumanga	engingaphumanga	ngingaphumanga
2nd singular	wāphuma	owāphuma	wāphuma	awuphumanga	ongaphumanga	ungaphumanga
1st plural	sāphuma	esāphuma	sāphuma	asiphumanga	esingaphumanga	singaphumanga
2nd plural	nāphuma	enāphuma	nāphuma	aniphumanga	eningaphumanga	ningaphumanga
Class 1	wāphuma	owāphuma	āphuma	akaphumanga	ongaphumanga	engaphumanga
Class 2	bāphuma	abāphuma	bāphuma	abaphumanga	abangaphumanga	bengaphumanga
Class 3	wāphuma	owāphuma	wāphuma	awuphumanga	ongaphumanga	ungaphumanga
Class 4	yāphuma	eyāphuma	yāphuma	ayiphumanga	engaphumanga	ingaphumanga
Class 5	lāphuma	elāphuma	lāphuma	aliphumanga	elingaphumanga	lingaphumanga
Class 6	āphuma	āphuma	āphuma	awaphumanga	angaphumanga	engaphumanga
Class 7	sāphuma	esāphuma	sāphuma	asiphumanga	esingaphumanga	singaphumanga
Class 8	zāphuma	ezāphuma	zāphuma	aziphumanga	ezingaphumanga	zingaphumanga
Class 9	yāphuma	eyāphuma	yāphuma	ayiphumanga	engaphumanga	ingaphumanga
Class 10	zāphuma	ezāphuma	zāphuma	aziphumanga	ezingaphumanga	zingaphumanga
Class 11	lwāphuma	olwāphuma	lwāphuma	aluphumanga	olungaphumanga	lungaphumanga
Class 14	bāphuma	obāphuma	bāphuma	abuphumanga	obungaphumanga	bungaphumanga
Class 15	kwāphuma	okwāphuma	kwāphuma	akuphumanga	okungaphumanga	kungaphumanga
Class 17	kwāphuma	okwāphuma	kwāphuma	akuphumanga	okungaphumanga	kungaphumanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaphuma	—	ngingaphuma	ngingephume	—	ngingephume
2nd singular	ungaphuma	—	ungaphuma	ungephume	—	ungephume
1st plural	singaphuma	—	singaphuma	singephume	—	singephume
2nd plural	ningaphuma	—	ningaphuma	ningephume	—	ningephume
Class 1	angaphuma	—	engaphuma	angephume	—	engephume
Class 2	bangaphuma	—	bengaphuma	bangephume	—	bengephume
Class 3	ungaphuma	—	ungaphuma	ungephume	—	ungephume
Class 4	ingaphuma	—	ingaphuma	ingephume	—	ingephume
Class 5	lingaphuma	—	lingaphuma	lingephume	—	lingephume
Class 6	angaphuma	—	engaphuma	angephume	—	engephume
Class 7	singaphuma	—	singaphuma	singephume	—	singephume
Class 8	zingaphuma	—	zingaphuma	zingephume	—	zingephume
Class 9	ingaphuma	—	ingaphuma	ingephume	—	ingephume
Class 10	zingaphuma	—	zingaphuma	zingephume	—	zingephume
Class 11	lungaphuma	—	lungaphuma	lungephume	—	lungephume
Class 14	bungaphuma	—	bungaphuma	bungephume	—	bungephume
Class 15	kungaphuma	—	kungaphuma	kungephume	—	kungephume
Class 17	kungaphuma	—	kungaphuma	kungephume	—	kungephume
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizophuma	engizophuma	ngizophuma	angizuphuma	engingezuphuma	ngingezuphuma
2nd singular	uzophuma	ozophuma	uzophuma	awuzuphuma	ongezuphuma	ungezuphuma
1st plural	sizophuma	esizophuma	sizophuma	asizuphuma	esingezuphuma	singezuphuma
2nd plural	nizophuma	enizophuma	nizophuma	anizuphuma	eningezuphuma	ningezuphuma
Class 1	uzophuma	ozophuma	ezophuma	akazuphuma	ongezuphuma	engezuphuma
Class 2	bazophuma	abazophuma	bezophuma	abazuphuma	abangezuphuma	bengezuphuma
Class 3	uzophuma	ozophuma	uzophuma	awuzuphuma	ongezuphuma	ungezuphuma
Class 4	izophuma	ezophuma	izophuma	ayizuphuma	engezuphuma	ingezuphuma
Class 5	lizophuma	elizophuma	lizophuma	alizuphuma	elingezuphuma	lingezuphuma
Class 6	azophuma	azophuma	ezophuma	awazuphuma	angezuphuma	engezuphuma
Class 7	sizophuma	esizophuma	sizophuma	asizuphuma	esingezuphuma	singezuphuma
Class 8	zizophuma	ezizophuma	zizophuma	azizuphuma	ezingezuphuma	zingezuphuma
Class 9	izophuma	ezophuma	izophuma	ayizuphuma	engezuphuma	ingezuphuma
Class 10	zizophuma	ezizophuma	zizophuma	azizuphuma	ezingezuphuma	zingezuphuma
Class 11	luzophuma	oluzophuma	luzophuma	aluzuphuma	olungezuphuma	lungezuphuma
Class 14	buzophuma	obuzophuma	buzophuma	abuzuphuma	obungezuphuma	bungezuphuma
Class 15	kuzophuma	okuzophuma	kuzophuma	akuzuphuma	okungezuphuma	kungezuphuma
Class 17	kuzophuma	okuzophuma	kuzophuma	akuzuphuma	okungezuphuma	kungezuphuma
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyophuma	engiyophuma	ngiyophuma	angiyuphuma	engingeyuphuma	ngingeyuphuma
2nd singular	uyophuma	oyophuma	uyophuma	awuyuphuma	ongeyuphuma	ungeyuphuma
1st plural	siyophuma	esiyophuma	siyophuma	asiyuphuma	esingeyuphuma	singeyuphuma
2nd plural	niyophuma	eniyophuma	niyophuma	aniyuphuma	eningeyuphuma	ningeyuphuma
Class 1	uyophuma	oyophuma	eyophuma	akayuphuma	ongeyuphuma	engeyuphuma
Class 2	bayophuma	abayophuma	beyophuma	abayuphuma	abangeyuphuma	bengeyuphuma
Class 3	uyophuma	oyophuma	uyophuma	awuyuphuma	ongeyuphuma	ungeyuphuma
Class 4	iyophuma	eyophuma	iyophuma	ayiyuphuma	engeyuphuma	ingeyuphuma
Class 5	liyophuma	eliyophuma	liyophuma	aliyuphuma	elingeyuphuma	lingeyuphuma
Class 6	ayophuma	ayophuma	eyophuma	awayuphuma	angeyuphuma	engeyuphuma
Class 7	siyophuma	esiyophuma	siyophuma	asiyuphuma	esingeyuphuma	singeyuphuma
Class 8	ziyophuma	eziyophuma	ziyophuma	aziyuphuma	ezingeyuphuma	zingeyuphuma
Class 9	iyophuma	eyophuma	iyophuma	ayiyuphuma	engeyuphuma	ingeyuphuma
Class 10	ziyophuma	eziyophuma	ziyophuma	aziyuphuma	ezingeyuphuma	zingeyuphuma
Class 11	luyophuma	oluyophuma	luyophuma	aluyuphuma	olungeyuphuma	lungeyuphuma
Class 14	buyophuma	obuyophuma	buyophuma	abuyuphuma	obungeyuphuma	bungeyuphuma
Class 15	kuyophuma	okuyophuma	kuyophuma	akuyuphuma	okungeyuphuma	kungeyuphuma
Class 17	kuyophuma	okuyophuma	kuyophuma	akuyuphuma	okungeyuphuma	kungeyuphuma
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiphume	ngingaphumi
2nd singular	uphume	ungaphumi
1st plural	siphume	singaphumi
2nd plural	niphume	ningaphumi
Class 1	aphume	angaphumi
Class 2	baphume	bangaphumi
Class 3	uphume	ungaphumi
Class 4	iphume	ingaphumi
Class 5	liphume	lingaphumi
Class 6	aphume	angaphumi
Class 7	siphume	singaphumi
Class 8	ziphume	zingaphumi
Class 9	iphume	ingaphumi
Class 10	ziphume	zingaphumi
Class 11	luphume	lungaphumi
Class 14	buphume	bungaphumi
Class 15	kuphume	kungaphumi
Class 17	kuphume	kungaphumi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaphuma	ngangaphuma, angaphuma, angangaphuma
2nd singular	waphuma	wangaphuma, awaphuma, awangaphuma
1st plural	saphuma	sangaphuma, asaphuma, asangaphuma
2nd plural	naphuma	nangaphuma, anaphuma, anangaphuma
Class 1	waphuma	wangaphuma, akaphuma, akangaphuma
Class 2	baphuma	bangaphuma, abaphuma, abangaphuma
Class 3	waphuma	wangaphuma, awaphuma, awangaphuma
Class 4	yaphuma	yangaphuma, ayaphuma, ayangaphuma
Class 5	laphuma	langaphuma, alaphuma, alangaphuma
Class 6	aphuma	angaphuma, awaphuma, awangaphuma
Class 7	saphuma	sangaphuma, asaphuma, asangaphuma
Class 8	zaphuma	zangaphuma, azaphuma, azangaphuma
Class 9	yaphuma	yangaphuma, ayaphuma, ayangaphuma
Class 10	zaphuma	zangaphuma, azaphuma, azangaphuma
Class 11	lwaphuma	lwangaphuma, alwaphuma, alwangaphuma
Class 14	baphuma	bangaphuma, abaphuma, abangaphuma
Class 15	kwaphuma	kwangaphuma, akwaphuma, akwangaphuma
Class 17	kwaphuma	kwangaphuma, akwaphuma, akwangaphuma

Derived terms

impumalanga

References

C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “phuma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “phuma (3.9)”