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单词 pes
释义

pes

See also: PES, PEs, pés, pès, pês, peš, p.es., pěś, and пес

English

Etymology

From Latin pēs (“foot”). Doublet of foot and pous.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /peɪ̯s/
  • Rhymes: -eɪs
  • Homophone: pace

Noun

pes (plural pedes)

  1. the foot of a human
  2. the hoof of a quadruped
  3. clubfoot or talipes
  4. (music) a neume representing two notes ascending

Synonyms

  • (neume): podatus

Anagrams

  • EPS, EPs, ESP, Eps, PSE, SEP, SPE, Sep, Sep., eps, esp, esp., sep

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Catalan pes, from Latin pensum.

Pronunciation

  • (Balearic) IPA(key): /ˈpəs/
  • (Central) IPA(key): /ˈpɛs/
  • (Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈpes/
  • Audio(file)

Noun

pes m (plural pesos)

  1. weight (clarification of this definition is needed)

Derived terms

  • contrapès
  • fer el pes
  • pes gall
  • pes lleuger
  • pes mosca
  • pes pesant
  • pes ploma
  • pes semipesat
  • pes wèlter
  • sobrepès
  • sobrepesca
  • pesar

References

  • “pes” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
  • “pes” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cornish

Alternative forms

  • pys

Noun

pes f (singulative pesen)

  1. (Revived Late Cornish) peas

Czech

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈpɛs]
  • audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: pes
  • Rhymes: -ɛs

Etymology 1

From Old Czech pes, from Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

pes (a Labrador)

Noun

pes m anim (feminine psice)

  1. (mammals) dog
  2. male dog
  3. scoundrel, bad person
Declension
Declension of pes
singularplural
nominativepespsi, psové
genitivepsapsů
dativepsu, psovipsům
accusativepsapsy
vocativepsepsi, psové
locativepsu, psovipsech
instrumentalpsempsy
Antonyms
  • (male dog): fena
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • hlídací pes
  • honicí pes
  • chování řeznického psa
  • mnoho psů, zajícova smrt
  • pejsánek
  • pejsek
  • psí
  • psoun
  • starého psa novým kouskům nenaučíš

Further reading

  • pes in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • pes in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • pes in Internetová jazyková příručka

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

pes

  1. genitive plural of peso
Alternative forms
  • pesos

Friulian

Alternative forms

  • peš (alternative spelling)

Etymology

From Latin piscem.

Noun

pes m (plural pes)

  1. fish
  • pescjâ
  • pescjadôr
  • pescjarie
  • pescje
  • pessâr

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch pest, from Middle French peste (whence French peste), ultimately from Latin pestis.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈpɛs]
  • Hyphenation: pès

Noun

pes or pès

  1. pest, plague.
    Synonym: sampar

Further reading

  • “pes” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Latin

pēs hūmānus (human foot)
pēs equī (foot of a horse)

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *pets, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds (compare Sanskrit पद् (pád), Ancient Greek πούς (poús) and Old English fōt, whence English foot).

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /peːs/, [peːs̠]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /pes/, [pɛs]
  • Audio (Classical)(file)

Noun

pēs m (genitive pedis); third declension

  1. a foot, in its senses as
    1. (anatomy) a human foot
      • … ne manus, nec pedes, nec alia membra …
        … not the hands, not the feet, and not the other limbs …
      • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.395-397:
        Forte revertēbar fēstīs Vestālibus illa [...].
        hūc pede mātrōnam vīdī dēscendere nūdō.
        It so happened that I was returning from the festival of Vesta [...]. Here I saw a matron coming down barefoot.
        (Literally, in the ablative singular: “pede nūdō” or “with bare foot.” Roman matrons walked barefoot to honor Vesta (mythology) during the Vestalia.)
    2. (zoology) any equivalent body part of an animal, including hooves, paws, etc.
    3. (units of measure) any of various units of length notionally based on the adult human foot, especially (historical) the Roman foot.
    4. (poetry) a metrical foot: the basic unit of metered poetry
    • 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Tristia 1.15-16:
      vāde, liber, verbīsque meīs loca grāta salūtā:
      contingam certē quō licet illā pede!
      Go, [my] book, and greet with my words [those] beloved places: at least I shall reach [them] with the ‘foot’ that is allowed!
      (The exiled poet puns that the metrical “feet” of his poem shall go where his own “feet” cannot.)
    1. (geography) the base of a mountain
    2. (furniture) the bottom of a leg of a table, chair, stool, etc.
  2. (figuratively) a place to tread one's foot: territory, ground, soil
  3. (nautical) a rope attached to a sail in order to set
  4. (music) tempo, pace, time
  5. (botany) the pedicel or stalk of a fruit

Declension

Third-declension noun.

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativepēspedēs
Genitivepedispedum
Dativepedīpedibus
Accusativepedempedēs
Ablativepedepedibus
Vocativepēspedēs

Hyponyms

  • (metrical foot): trochaeus; pes dissyllbus or disyllbus, pes bibrevis, choreus, jambus, spondeus, spondius, spondeos (2-syllable feet); pes trisyllabus, amphibrachus, amphibrachys, amphimacrus, dactylus, extensipes, molossus, pes anapaestus, pes antanapaestus, pes antibacchius, pes bacchius, pes creticus, pes hippius (3-syllable feet); pes tetrasyllbus, antispastus, chorjambus, dichoreus, dijambus, dispondeus, epitritus, paeon, proceleumaticus, proceleusmaticus (4-syllable feet); pes pentasyllbus, dochmius, mesobrachys, mesomacros, pariambodes, probrachys, pes amoebaeus, pes antamoebaeus, pes orthius (5-syllable feet)

Meronyms

  • (unit of length): decempeda (10 pedes)

Derived terms

  • adversipedes
  • aenipes
  • aeripes
  • agipes
  • alipes
  • anguipes
  • antepes
  • avipes
  • bipeda
  • bipēs
  • capripes
  • celeripēs
  • centipeda
  • centipes
  • citipes
  • compes
  • cornipes
  • decempeda
  • decempeda
  • fissipes
  • flammipes
  • flexipes
  • gracilipes
  • hircipes
  • ignipes
  • lanipes
  • latipes
  • lentipes
  • levipes
  • longipes
  • loripes
  • milepeda
  • mollipēs
  • multipeda
  • octipes
  • palmipes
  • peda
  • pedālis
  • pedāneus
  • pedārius
  • pedātim
  • pedātūra
  • pedātus
  • pedeplana
  • pedepressim
  • pedēs
  • pedetemptim
  • pedica
  • pedicinus
  • pediculus
  • pedisequus
  • pedō
  • pedocucullus
  • pedūlis
  • pedum
  • planipes
  • plumipes
  • properipes
  • quadrupēs
  • remipes
  • segnipes
  • semipes
  • septipes
  • serpentipes
  • sesquipes
  • solidipes
  • sonipes
  • stapēs
  • suppes
  • tardipes
  • tremipes
  • tripudium
  • uncipes
  • unipes
  • volucripes
  • pedālis
  • pedeplāna
  • pedester
  • pedetemptim
  • peditātus
  • peditō
  • pedūle

Descendants

  • Balkan Romance:
    • ⇒ Aromanian: pezã
    • Romanian: piez ⇒ piază
  • Dalmatian:
    • pi
  • Italo-Romance
    • Corsican: pede
    • Gallurese: pedi
    • Italian: piede
      • → Esperanto: piedo
    • Neapolitan: pere
    • Sassarese: pedi
    • Sicilian: pedi, peri
  • Padanian:
    • Friulian: pît
    • Istriot: peîe, pèie
    • Ligurian: pê
    • Piedmontese: pe
    • Romagnol: pè, pid (Rimini, San Marino)
    • Romansch: pe
    • Venetian: piè
  • Northern Gallo-Romance:
    • Franco-Provençal: pied
    • Norman: pid, pyid
    • Old French: pié, pé; *pied, *piet
      • Middle French: pied
        • French: pied
      • Walloon: pî
  • Southern Gallo-Romance:
    • Catalan: peu
    • Old Occitan: pe
      • Occitan: pè
  • Ibero-Romance:
    • Asturian: pie
    • Extremaduran: pie
    • Leonese: pía
    • Mirandese: pie
    • Navarro-Aragonese: pie, pied
      • Aragonese: piet
    • Old Portuguese: pee
      • Galician: pé
      • Portuguese: pé
    • Old Spanish: pie
      • Spanish: pie
  • Sardinian:
    • Campidanese: pei
    • Logudorese: pe
    • Nuorese: pede
  • Derived forms:
    • ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *pedicāre
      • Catalan: petjar
  • Borrowings:
    • → English: pes
    • → Ido: pedo
    • → Interlingua: pede

See also

  • pede tellūrem pulsō
  • pedem effero
  • pedem fero
  • pedem refero
  • pedes navales
  • si in fundo pedem posuisses
  • a pedibus usque ad caput
  • alterno pede terram quatere

References

  • “pes”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “pes”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • pes in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • pes in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to begin a journey (on foot, on horseback, by land): iter ingredi (pedibus, equo, terra)
    • to go on foot: pedibus ire
    • to trample under foot: pedibus obterere, conculcare
    • to have the gout: ex pedibus laborare, pedibus aegrum esse
    • to vote for some one's motion: discedere (pedibus), ire in alicuius sententiam (Liv. 23. 10)
    • to serve in the cavalry, infantry: equo, pedibus merere (Liv. 27. 11)
    • (ambiguous) a hand-to-hand engagement ensued: tum pes cum pede collatus est (Liv. 28. 2)
    • (ambiguous) to fall at some one's feet: ad pedes alicuius accidere
    • (ambiguous) to throw oneself at some one's feet: ad pedes alicuius se proicere, se abicere, procumbere, se prosternere
    • (ambiguous) to prostrate oneself before a person: ad pedes alicuius iacēre, stratum esse (stratum iacēre)
    • (ambiguous) to fail to see what lies before one: quod ante pedes est or positum est, non videre
    • (ambiguous) to never set foot out of doors: domo pedem non efferre
    • (ambiguous) to cross the threshold: pedem limine efferre
    • (ambiguous) a hand-to-hand engagement ensued: tum pes cum pede collatus est (Liv. 28. 2)
    • (ambiguous) hand to hand: collato pede (Liv. 6. 12)
    • (ambiguous) to retire (without turning one's back on the enemy): pedem referre
  • “pes”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “pes”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Lombard

Etymology

Akin to Italian peso, from Latin pensum.

Noun

pes

  1. weight

Middle English

Noun

pes

  1. Alternative form of pese

Old Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

Noun

pes m

  1. (mammals) dog

Declension

Declension (pattern had)
singulardualplural
nominativepespsy, psapsi, psové (psoví), psie (psí), psy
genitivepsa, psupsú (psou)psóv (psuov, psů), pes
dativepsu, psovipsoma, psamapsóm (psuom, psům)
accusativepes, psapsy, psapsi, psové (psoví), psie (psí), psy
vocativepsepsy, psapsi, psové (psoví), psie (psí), psy
locativepsě (pse), psu, psovipsú (psou)psích, psiech, psech, psách
instrumentalpsempsoma, psamapsy, psmi, psami

Descendants

  • Czech: pes

Further reading

  • “pes”, in Vokabulář webový: webové hnízdo pramenů k poznání historické češtiny [online], Praha: Ústav pro jazyk český AV ČR, 2006–2023

Old French

Etymology

From Latin pax.

Noun

pes f (oblique plural pes, nominative singular pes, nominative plural pes)

  1. Alternative form of pais (“peace”)
    • circa 1250, Marie de France, Guigemar
      Va t'en de ci ! Lai me aveir pes.
      Go, leave me! Let me have peace.

Romani

Alternative forms

  • pe

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit [script needed] (appa),[1] [script needed] (atta),[1] from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātman).[1]

Pronoun

pes

  1. himself, herself (third-person singular reflexive pronoun)[1]

Descendants

  • Kalo Finnish Romani: pes

See also

Romani personal pronouns
NumberPersonGenderNominativeAccusativeDativeLocativeAblativeInstrumentalPossessive
SingularFirst—memanmanqemanθemanθarmançamiro, -i, -e
Second—tututtuqetuθetuθartuçatiro, -i, -e
Reflexive third——pespesqepesθepesθarpeçapesqero, -i, -e
ThirdMasculineovleslesqelesθelesθarleçalesqero, -i, -e
Feminineojlalaqelaθelaθarlaçalaqero, -i, -e
PluralFirst—amenamenqeamenθeamenθaramençaamaro, -i, -e
Second—tumentumenqetumenθetumenθartumençatumaro, -i, -e
Reflexive third——penpenqepenθepenθarpençapenqero, -i, -e
Third—onlenlenqelenθelenθarlençalenqero, -i, -e

References

  1. Boretzky, Norbert; Igla, Birgit (1994), “pe(s)”, in Wörterbuch Romani-Deutsch-Englisch für den südosteuropäischen Raum : mit einer Grammatik der Dialektvarianten [Romani-German-English dictionary for the Southern European region] (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 215a

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /pɛs/

Noun

pes m (Cyrillic spelling пес)

  1. (Kajkavian) dog

Synonyms

  • pas

Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpɛs/

Noun

pes m (genitive singular psa, nominative plural psi, psy, genitive plural psov)

  1. dog

Declension

Declension of pes
singularplural
nominativepespsi, psy
genitivepsapsov
dativepsovipsom
accusativepsapsov, psy
locativepsovipsoch
instrumentalpsompsami

Derived terms

  • psí
  • psíček
  • psík
  • psisko
  • psíča

Further reading

  • pes in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk

Slovene

Velik bel pes - A large white dog

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *pьsъ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /pə́s/

Noun

pə̏s m anim (female equivalent psíca)

  1. dog
    Imamo tri pse. ― We have three dogs.
    Na sprehod grem s svojim psom. ― I'm going on a walk with my dog.
    Synonym: kȗža

Inflection

Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing.pes
gen. sing.psa
singulardualplural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik)		pespsapsi
genitive
(rodȋlnik)		psapsovpsov
dative
(dajȃlnik)		psupsomapsom
accusative
(tožȋlnik)		psapsapse
locative
(mẹ̑stnik)		psupsihpsih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik)		psompsomapsi

Further reading

  • “pes”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈpes/ [ˈpes]
  • Rhymes: -es
  • Syllabification: pes
  • Homophone: (Latin America) pez

Noun

pes f pl

  1. plural of pe

Tok Pisin

This entry has fewer than three known examples of actual usage, the minimum considered necessary for clear attestation, and may not be reliable. Tok Pisin is subject to a special exemption for languages with limited documentation. If you speak it, please consider editing this entry or adding citations. See also Help and the Community Portal.

Etymology

From English face.

Noun

pes

  1. (anatomy) face
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 3:19:
      Na bai yu wok hat tru long kisim kaikai bilong yu na tuhat bai i kamap long pes bilong yu. Na bai yu hatwok oltaim inap yu dai na yu go bek long graun. Long wanem, mi bin wokim yu long graun, na bai yu go bek gen long graun.”
      →New International Version translation

Torres Strait Creole

Etymology 1

From English face.

Noun

pes

  1. face

Noun

pes

  1. (eastern dialect) a ripe coconut
Usage notes

Pes is the fifth stage of coconut growth. It is preceded by kopespes and followed by u.
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