pervertir
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin pervertō.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic) IPA(key): /pəɾ.vəɾˈti/
- (Central) IPA(key): /pər.bərˈti/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /peɾ.veɾˈtiɾ/
Verb
pervertir (first-person singular present perverteixo, past participle pervertit)
- (transitive) to pervert
Conjugation
Conjugation of pervertir (third conjugation with -eix- infix)
| infinitive | pervertir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | pervertint | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | pervertit | pervertida | |||||
| plural | pervertits | pervertides | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | perverteixo | perverteixes | perverteix | pervertim | pervertiu | perverteixen | |
| imperfect | pervertia | perverties | pervertia | pervertíem | pervertíeu | pervertien | |
| future | pervertiré | pervertiràs | pervertirà | pervertirem | pervertireu | pervertiran | |
| preterite | pervertí | pervertires | pervertí | pervertírem | pervertíreu | pervertiren | |
| conditional | pervertiria | pervertiries | pervertiria | pervertiríem | pervertiríeu | pervertirien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | perverteixi | perverteixis | perverteixi | pervertim | pervertiu | perverteixin | |
| imperfect | pervertís | pervertissis | pervertís | pervertíssim | pervertíssiu | pervertissin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
| — | perverteix | perverteixi | pervertim | pervertiu | perverteixin | ||
Related terms
- pervers
- perversió
Further reading
- “pervertir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “pervertir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “pervertir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “pervertir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin pervertere, pervertō with change of conjugation class.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.tiʁ/
(file) (file)
Verb
pervertir
- to worsen; to corrupt
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of pervertir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | pervertir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | pervertissant /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | perverti /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | pervertis /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti/ | pervertis /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti/ | pervertit /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti/ | pervertissons /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.sɔ̃/ | pervertissez /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.se/ | pervertissent /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.tis/ |
| imperfect | pervertissais /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.sɛ/ | pervertissais /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.sɛ/ | pervertissait /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.sɛ/ | pervertissions /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.sjɔ̃/ | pervertissiez /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.sje/ | pervertissaient /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | pervertis /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti/ | pervertis /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti/ | pervertit /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti/ | pervertîmes /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.tim/ | pervertîtes /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.tit/ | pervertirent /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.tiʁ/ | |
| future | pervertirai /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.ʁe/ | pervertiras /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.ʁa/ | pervertira /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.ʁa/ | pervertirons /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.ʁɔ̃/ | pervertirez /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.ʁe/ | pervertiront /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | pervertirais /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.ʁɛ/ | pervertirais /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.ʁɛ/ | pervertirait /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.ʁɛ/ | pervertirions /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.ʁjɔ̃/ | pervertiriez /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.ʁje/ | pervertiraient /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | pervertisse /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.tis/ | pervertisses /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.tis/ | pervertisse /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.tis/ | pervertissions /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.sjɔ̃/ | pervertissiez /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.sje/ | pervertissent /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.tis/ |
| imperfect2 | pervertisse /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.tis/ | pervertisses /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.tis/ | pervertît /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti/ | pervertissions /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.sjɔ̃/ | pervertissiez /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.sje/ | pervertissent /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.tis/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | pervertis /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti/ | — | pervertissons /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.sɔ̃/ | pervertissez /pɛʁ.vɛʁ.ti.se/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
- pervers
- perversion
- perverti
Further reading
- “pervertir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Etymology
Latin pervertō
Verb
pervertir
- (transitive) to lead astray
- (intransitive) to be led astray
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of pervertir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | pervertir | avoir perverti | |||||
| gerund | en pervertissant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | pervertissant | ||||||
| past participle | perverti | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | pervertis | pervertis | pervertist | pervertissons | pervertissez | pervertissent |
| imperfect | pervertissoie, pervertisseie | pervertissoies, pervertisseies | pervertissoit, pervertisseit | pervertissiiens, pervertissiens | pervertissiiez, pervertissiez | pervertissoient, pervertisseient | |
| preterite | perverti | pervertis | perverti | pervertimes | pervertistes | pervertirent | |
| future | pervertirai | pervertiras | pervertira | pervertirons | pervertiroiz, pervertireiz, pervertirez | pervertiront | |
| conditional | pervertiroie, pervertireie | pervertiroies, pervertireies | pervertiroit, pervertireit | pervertiriiens, pervertiriens | pervertiriiez, pervertiriez | pervertiroient, pervertireient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | pervertisse | pervertisses | pervertisse | pervertissons | pervertissez | pervertissent |
| imperfect | pervertisse | pervertisses | pervertist | pervertissons, pervertissiens | pervertissoiz, pervertissez, pervertissiez | pervertissent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | pervertis | — | pervertissons | pervertissez | — | ||
Descendants
- English: to pervert
- French: pervertir
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin pervertere, present active infinitive of pervertō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /peɾbeɾˈtiɾ/ [peɾ.β̞eɾˈt̪iɾ]
- Rhymes: -iɾ
- Syllabification: per‧ver‧tir
Verb
pervertir (first-person singular present pervierto, first-person singular preterite pervertí, past participle pervertido)
- (transitive) to pervert, lead astray, garble, corrupt
Conjugation
Conjugation of pervertir (e-ie-i alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | pervertir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | pervirtiendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | pervertido | pervertida | |||||
| plural | pervertidos | pervertidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | pervierto | perviertestú pervertísvos | pervierte | pervertimos | pervertís | pervierten | |
| imperfect | pervertía | pervertías | pervertía | pervertíamos | pervertíais | pervertían | |
| preterite | pervertí | pervertiste | pervirtió | pervertimos | pervertisteis | pervirtieron | |
| future | pervertiré | pervertirás | pervertirá | pervertiremos | pervertiréis | pervertirán | |
| conditional | pervertiría | pervertirías | pervertiría | pervertiríamos | pervertiríais | pervertirían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | pervierta | perviertastú pervirtásvos2 | pervierta | pervirtamos | pervirtáis | perviertan | |
| imperfect (ra) | pervirtiera | pervirtieras | pervirtiera | pervirtiéramos | pervirtierais | pervirtieran | |
| imperfect (se) | pervirtiese | pervirtieses | pervirtiese | pervirtiésemos | pervirtieseis | pervirtiesen | |
| future1 | pervirtiere | pervirtieres | pervirtiere | pervirtiéremos | pervirtiereis | pervirtieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | perviertetú pervertívos | pervierta | pervirtamos | pervertid | perviertan | ||
| negative | no perviertas | no pervierta | no pervirtamos | no pervirtáis | no perviertan | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of pervertir (e-ie-i alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive pervertir | |||||||
| dative | pervertirme | pervertirte | pervertirle, pervertirse | pervertirnos | pervertiros | pervertirles, pervertirse | |
| accusative | pervertirme | pervertirte | pervertirlo, pervertirla, pervertirse | pervertirnos | pervertiros | pervertirlos, pervertirlas, pervertirse | |
| with gerund pervirtiendo | |||||||
| dative | pervirtiéndome | pervirtiéndote | pervirtiéndole, pervirtiéndose | pervirtiéndonos | pervirtiéndoos | pervirtiéndoles, pervirtiéndose | |
| accusative | pervirtiéndome | pervirtiéndote | pervirtiéndolo, pervirtiéndola, pervirtiéndose | pervirtiéndonos | pervirtiéndoos | pervirtiéndolos, pervirtiéndolas, pervirtiéndose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative pervierte | |||||||
| dative | perviérteme | perviértete | perviértele | perviértenos | not used | perviérteles | |
| accusative | perviérteme | perviértete | perviértelo, perviértela | perviértenos | not used | perviértelos, perviértelas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative pervertí | |||||||
| dative | pervertime | pervertite | pervertile | pervertinos | not used | pervertiles | |
| accusative | pervertime | pervertite | pervertilo, pervertila | pervertinos | not used | pervertilos, pervertilas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative pervierta | |||||||
| dative | perviértame | not used | perviértale, perviértase | perviértanos | not used | perviértales | |
| accusative | perviértame | not used | perviértalo, perviértala, perviértase | perviértanos | not used | perviértalos, perviértalas | |
| with first-person plural imperative pervirtamos | |||||||
| dative | not used | pervirtámoste | pervirtámosle | pervirtámonos | pervirtámoos | pervirtámosles | |
| accusative | not used | pervirtámoste | pervirtámoslo, pervirtámosla | pervirtámonos | pervirtámoos | pervirtámoslos, pervirtámoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative pervertid | |||||||
| dative | pervertidme | not used | pervertidle | pervertidnos | pervertíos | pervertidles | |
| accusative | pervertidme | not used | pervertidlo, pervertidla | pervertidnos | pervertíos | pervertidlos, pervertidlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative perviertan | |||||||
| dative | perviértanme | not used | perviértanle | perviértannos | not used | perviértanles, perviértanse | |
| accusative | perviértanme | not used | perviértanlo, perviértanla | perviértannos | not used | perviértanlos, perviértanlas, perviértanse | |
Related terms
- perverso
- perversidad
- perversión
- verter
Further reading
- “pervertir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014