perthyn
Welsh
Alternative forms
- perthynu
Etymology
From Middle Welsh perthyn, from Proto-Brythonic *perθɨnɨd, from Latin pertineō (“I relate to; I belong to”).
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈpɛrθɨ̞n/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈpɛrθɪn/
Verb
perthyn (first-person singular present perthynaf)
- to belong
- Mae'r crys hwn yn perthyn i mi.
- This shirt belongs to me.
- to be related
- Mae'r ferch yn perthyn i mi – fy chwaer yw hi.
- The girl is related to me – she's my sister.
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | perthynaf | perthyni | perthyn, perthyna | perthynwn | perthynwch | perthynant | perthynir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional | perthynwn | perthynit | perthynai | perthynem | perthynech | perthynent | perthynid | |
| preterite | perthynais | perthynaist | perthynodd | perthynasom | perthynasoch | perthynasant | perthynwyd | |
| pluperfect | perthynaswn | perthynasit | perthynasai | perthynasem | perthynasech | perthynasent | perthynasid, perthynesid | |
| present subjunctive | perthynwyf | perthynych | perthyno | perthynom | perthynoch | perthynont | perthyner | |
| imperative | — | perthyn, perthyna | perthyned | perthynwn | perthynwch | perthynent | perthyner | |
| verbal noun | perthyn | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | perthynedig perthynadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | perthyna i, perthynaf i | perthyni di | perthynith o/e/hi, perthyniff e/hi | perthynwn ni | perthynwch chi | perthynan nhw |
| conditional | perthynwn i, perthynswn i | perthynet ti, perthynset ti | perthynai fo/fe/hi, perthynsai fo/fe/hi | perthynen ni, perthynsen ni | perthynech chi, perthynsech chi | perthynen nhw, perthynsen nhw |
| preterite | perthynais i, perthynes i | perthynaist ti, perthynest ti | perthynodd o/e/hi | perthynon ni | perthynoch chi | perthynon nhw |
| imperative | — | perthyna | — | — | perthynwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Derived terms
- perthynas
- perthynol
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| perthyn | berthyn | mherthyn | pherthyn |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “perthynaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies