Persian

Persian

See also: persian

English

Wikibooks

Etymology 1

From Middle English percynne, from Middle French persien, from Italian persiano, from Medieval Latin Persiānus, from Latin Persia, from Ancient Greek Περσίς (Persís), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /Pārsa/, “Persia”) (compare modern Persian پارس‎ (Pârs)).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈpɜː.ʒən/

  • Audio (UK)

    (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈpɝʒən/
• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)ʒən
• (dated) IPA^(key): /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/

Noun

Persian (countable and uncountable, plural Persians)

1. (uncountable) The Persian language, or a family of languages spoken primarily in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.

   Synonym: Farsi

2. (countable) A person from Persia.
3. (countable) A person of Persian descent.
4. (historical) An Iranian.
5. A Persian cat.
6. (Canada, chiefly northwest Ontario) A pastry local to the Thunder Bay region in Canada often compared to either a cinnamon bun or a donut topped with pink icing.
7. A sheep of the Blackhead Persian breed.
8. A thin silk fabric, formerly used for linings.
   • 1696, J. F. Merchant?, The merchant's ware-house laid open:

     There is of those Persians several lengths.

9. (architecture) Any of a set of male figures used instead of columns to support an entablature.

Usage notes

• The term "Farsi" (likely derived from the Iranian variety name for "Persian") has recently developed currency in English to refer to the Persian language, especially the variety spoken in Iran. Varieties of the Persian language, or languages included in the Persian family of languages spoken primarily in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan, are called "Dari" in Afghanistan and "Tajik" or "Tajiki" in Tajikistan.

Derived terms

• Dari-Persian
• Law of the Medes and Persians
• Tajiki-Persian

 

Related terms

• perse

 

Translations

Persian language

Afrikaans: Persies (af) Albanian: gjuha perse Arabic: الفَارِسِيَّة‎ f (al-fārisiyya), اللُّغَة الفَارِسِيَّة‎ f (al-luḡa l-fārisiyya), فَارِسِيّ‎ m (fārisiyy) (colloquial) Aramaic: Syriac: ܦܪܣܐܝܬ‎, ܦܪܣܬ‎, ܦܖܣܐܝܬ‎ (archaic), ܦܖܣܬ‎ (archaic) Armenian: պարսկերեն (hy) (parskeren) Azerbaijani: fars dili (az) Basque: persiera (eu) Belarusian: персі́дская мо́ва f (pjersídskaja móva), персі́дская f (pjersídskaja), фарсі́ m (farsí) Breton: perseg m Bulgarian: перси́йски m (persíjski), фарси́ (bg) m (farsí) Catalan: persa (ca) m, farsi (ca) m Chechen: гӏажарийн (ğažariin) Chinese: Mandarin: 波斯語／波斯语 (zh) (Bōsīyǔ), 法爾西語／法尔西语 (Fà'ěrxī yǔ), 帕爾西語／帕尔西语 (Pà'ěrxī yǔ) (historical) Czech: perština (cs) f Danish: persisk (da) Dutch: Perzisch (nl) n Esperanto: persa (eo), persa lingvo Estonian: pärsia Faroese: persiskt n Finnish: persia (fi), persian kieli, farsi (fi), farsin kieli French: persan (fr) m Galician: persa (gl) m Georgian: სპარსული (ka) (sṗarsuli), სპარსული ენა (sṗarsuli ena) German: Persisch (de) n Greek: περσικά (el) n pl (persiká), φαρσί (el) (farsí) Ancient: περσιστί (persistí) Greenlandic: persiskisut Gujarati: ફારસી (gu) (phārsī) Hebrew: פרסית‎ (he) f (parsít) Hindi: फ़ारसी (hi) f (fārsī), पारसी (hi) f (pārsī) Hungarian: perzsa (hu), újperzsa, fárszi (hu) Icelandic: persneska (is) f Irish: Peirsis f, Fairsis f Italian: persiano (it) m Japanese: ペルシア語 (ja) (Perushia-go) Korean: 페르시아어 (ko) (Pereusia-eo) Kumyk: фарс тил (fars til) Kurdish: Central Kurdish: فارسی‎ (ku) (farsî) Northern Kurdish: farisî (ku) Lao: ພາສາເປີເຊຍ (phā sā pœ̄ sīa) Latvian: persiešu Lithuanian: persų (lt) Macedonian: пе́рсиски m (pérsiski), фа́рси m (fársi) Malay: bahasa Parsi Maltese: Il-Persjan m Marathi: फारसी f (phārsī), पर्शियन f (parśiyan) Mongolian: перс хэл (pers xel) Navajo: Béézhąą bizaad Nepali: पर्सियन (parsiyan) Norwegian: Bokmål: persisk (no) m, farsi (no) m Nynorsk: persisk m, farsi m Oriya: ପାରସୀ (or) (parôsi), ପାରଶୀ (or) (parôśi) Ossetian: персайнаг ӕвзаг (persajnag ævzag) Persian: فارسی‎ (fa) (fârsi), پارسی‎ (fa) (pârsi), زبان فارسی‎ (fa) (zabân-e fârsi), زبان پارسی‎ (fa) (zabân-e pârsi) Polish: perski (pl) m Portuguese: persa (pt) m Punjabi: ਫਾਰਸੀ f (phārsī) Romanian: persană (ro) f Russian: фарси́ (ru) m (farsí), перси́дский (язы́к) m (persídskij (jazýk)) Sanskrit: पारसी (sa) (pārasī), पारसीक (sa) (pārasīka), पारशीक (sa) (pāraśīka) Scots: Persie Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: перзијски m, персијски m, фарси m Roman: perzijski (sh) m, persijski m, farsi (sh) m Sindhi: فارسِي‎ Slovak: perzština Slovene: perzijščina (sl) Spanish: persa (es) m Swahili: Kiajemi (sw) Swedish: persiska (sv) c, farsi (sv) c Tagalog: Persa Tajik: забони форсӣ (zaboni forsī), форсӣ (tg) (forsī) Tatar: фарси теле (farsi tele) Thai: ภาษาเปอร์เซีย (th) (paasăa puuhrsiia) Turkish: Farsça (tr), Acemce (tr) Ukrainian: перси́дська мо́ва f (persýdsʹka móva), фарсі́ (uk) m (farsí) Urdu: فارسی‎ (ur) f (fārsī), پارسی‎ f (pārsī) Uyghur: پارس تىلى‎ (pars tili) Vietnamese: tiếng Ba Tư (vi)

person from Persia

Arabic: فَارِسِيّ‎ m (fārisiyy) Aramaic: Syriac: ܦܪܣܝܐ‎, ܥܓܡܝܐ‎, ܦܖܣܝܐ‎ (archaic) Armenian: պարսիկ (hy) (parsik) Old Armenian: պարսք pl (parskʿ), պարսիկ (parsik) Azerbaijani: fars (az) Basque: persiar Bulgarian: персиец m (persiec), персийка f (persijka) Catalan: persa (ca) m or f, persà m, persana f Chechen: гӏажари (ğažari) Chinese: Mandarin: 波斯人 (Bōsīrén) Czech: Peršan (cs) m, Peršanka (cs) f Danish: perser c Dutch: Pers (nl) m, Perzische (nl) f Esperanto: persiano, persianino (female) Estonian: pärslane Faroese: persi m Finnish: persialainen (fi) French: Perse (fr) m or f Georgian: სპარსელი (sṗarseli), სპარსი (sṗarsi) German: Perser (de) m, Perserin (de) f Greek: Πέρσης (el) m (Pérsis), Περσίδα (el) f (Persída) Ancient: Πέρσης m (Pérsēs), Περσίς f (Persís) Hebrew: פָּרְסִי‎ (he) m (parsi) Hindi: पारसी (hi) m (pārsī) Hungarian: perzsa (hu) Ido: Persiana (io) Italian: persiano (it) m, persiana (it) f Kazakh: парсы (parsy) Kumyk: фарс (fars) Kurdish: Central Kurdish: فارس‎ (ku) (fars) Northern Kurdish: please add this translation if you can Latin: Persa (la) m, Persēs m, , Persis (la) f Latvian: persietis m, persiete f Lithuanian: persas m, persė f Malay: Parsi Norwegian Bokmål: perser (no) m Norwegian Nynorsk: persar m Occitan: persan (oc) Oriya: ପାରସୀ (or) (parôsi), ପାରଶୀ (or) (parôśi) Ossetian: please add this translation if you can Pashto: پارسیوان‎ m (pârsiwân) Persian: فارس‎ (fa) (fârs), پارس‎ (fa) (pârs) Polish: Pers (pl) m, Persjanka f, Persyjka f Portuguese: persa (pt) m or f Romanian: persan (ro) m, persană (ro) f Russian: перс (ru) m (pers), персия́нка (ru) f (persijánka) Sanskrit: पारसी (sa) (pārasī), पारसीक (sa) (pārasīka), पारशीक (sa) (pāraśīka) Slovak: Peržan m, Peržanka f Slovene: Perzijec m, Perzijka f Spanish: persa (es) m or f Swahili: Mwajemi Swedish: perser (sv) c, persiska (sv) c (female) Tajik: форсӣ (tg) (forsī) Turkish: Fars (tr), Acem (tr)

Persian cat

Catalan: gat persa m Chinese: Mandarin: 波斯貓／波斯猫 (Bōsīmāo) Danish: perser c, angorakat c Dutch: pers (nl) m Esperanto: persa kato Finnish: persialainen (fi) German: Perserkatze (de) f, Perser (de) f (short form) Hungarian: perzsa macska (hu) Italian: gatto persiano, persiano (it) Navajo: mósíʼilí Norwegian: Bokmål: perser (no) m Persian: گربۀ ایرانی‎ (gorbe-ye irâni), گربۀ پشمالو‎ (gorbe-ye pašmâlu) Polish: pers (pl) m Portuguese: persa (pt) m or f Russian: перси́дский кот m (persídskij kot), перс (ru) m (pers) Spanish: gato persa Turkish: İran kedisi

pastry local to the Thunder Bay region in Canada

sheep of the Blackhead Persian breed

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Arabic: (please verify) فَارِسِيّ‎ (fārisiyy) Bulgarian: (please verify) перси́ец m (persíec), (please verify) перси́йка f (persíjka) (1) Esperanto: (2) (please verify) perso French: (1,2) (please verify) Persan (fr) m Gujarati: (please verify) ફારસી (gu) (phārsī) (1) Indonesian: (2) (please verify) farsi Korean: (please verify) 페르샤의 (Pereusya-ui) (2) Slovak: (please verify) peržan m, (please verify) peržanka f (1), (please verify) peržština f (2) Spanish: (2) (please verify) persa (es) m or f Swahili: (2) (please verify) Kiajemi (sw) Swedish: (please verify) perser (sv) m pl, (1,2) (please verify) persiska (sv) f Turkish: (2) (please verify) farsça Urdu: (please verify) فارسی‎ (ur) (fârsi)

See also

• Farsi
• Iranian
• Perse
• persophone

 

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Persian terms

Adjective

Persian (comparative more Persian, superlative most Persian)

1. Of, from, or pertaining to Persia.
2. Of or pertaining to the Persian people.
3. Of or pertaining to the Persian language.

   Synonym: Farsi

Derived terms

Derived terms

• Persian berry (Rhamnus saxatilis et al.)
• Persian blue
• Persian cat
• Persian column
• Persian cumin (Carum carvi)
• Persian darnel (Lolium persicum)
• Persian drill
• Persian fire
• Persian Gulf
• Persian lilac (Syringa × persica or Melia azedarach)
• Persian onager (Equus hemionus onager)
• Persian powder
• Persian red
• Persian Wars
• Persian wheel
• Persian wild ass (Equus hemionus onager)
• Persian zebra (Equus hemionus onager)

Translations

of, from, or pertaining to Persia

Afrikaans: Persies (af) Albanian: persian (sq) Arabic: فَارِسِيّ‎ (fārisiyy) Armenian: պարսկական (hy) (parskakan) Azerbaijani: fars (az) Bashkir: фарсы (farsı) Belarusian: персі́дскі (pjersídski), пэрсы́дзкі (persýdzki) Bengali: পারসীক (parôsīk), ফার্সি (bn) (pharsi) Bulgarian: перси́йски (persíjski) Burmese: ပါရှား (pahra:) Catalan: persa (ca) m or f, persà m, persana f Chechen: гӏажарийн (ğažariin) Chinese: Mandarin: 波斯的 (Bōsī de) Chuvash: перс (pers) Czech: perský (cs) Danish: persisk (da) Dutch: Perzisch (nl) Estonian: pärsia Faroese: persiskur Finnish: persialainen (fi) French: persan (fr) Georgian: სპარსული (ka) (sṗarsuli) German: persisch (de) Greek: περσικός (el) m (persikós) Ancient: Περσικός (Persikós) Hawaiian: Pelekia Hebrew: פַּרְסִי‎ (he) (parsi) Hindi: फ़ारसी (hi) (fārsī) Hungarian: perzsa (hu) Italian: persiano (it), persico (it) (today almost only in geographical terms as Golfo Persico) Japanese: ペルシアの (ja) (Perushia no) Kazakh: парсы (parsy) Khmer: ពែរ្ស (pɛɛsɑɑ) Korean: 페르시아의 (ko) (pereusia-ui) Kurdish: Northern Kurdish: farisî (ku) Kyrgyz: фарс (fars) Lao: ເປີເຊຍ (pœ̄ sīa) Latin: persicus (la) Latvian: persiešu Lithuanian: persų (lt), persiškas Macedonian: персиски (persiski) Malay: Parsi Mongolian: перс (pers) Norwegian: persisk (no) Occitan: persan (oc) Oriya: ପାରସୀ (or) (parôsi), ପାରଶୀ (or) (parôśi) Ossetian: please add this translation if you can Pashto: پاړسي‎ (pāṛsí) Persian: فارسی‎ (fa) (fârsi), پارسی‎ (fa) (pârsi) Polish: perski (pl) Portuguese: persa (pt), pérsico (pt), pérseo m Romanian: persan (ro) Russian: перси́дский (ru) (persídskij) Rusyn: пе́рьскый (pérʹskŷj) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: пѐрзӣјскӣ, пѐрсӣјскӣ Roman: pèrzījskī (sh), pèrsījskī Slovak: perzský Slovene: perzijski (sl) Tajik: форсӣ (tg) (forsī), порсӣ (tg) (porsī) Tatar: фарсы (tt) (farsı) Thai: เปอร์เซีย (bpəə-siia) Turkish: Fars (tr), Pers (tr) Turkmen: farsi, fars Ukrainian: пе́рський (pérsʹkyj), перси́дський (persýdsʹkyj) Urdu: فارسی‎ (ur) (fārsī) Uyghur: پارس‎ (pars) Uzbek: forsiy (uz), fors (uz) Vietnamese: Ba Tư

of or pertaining to the Persian people

Afrikaans: Persies (af) Armenian: պարսկական (hy) (parskakan) Catalan: persa (ca) m or f, persà m, persana f Chinese: Mandarin: 波斯人的 (Bōsīrén de) Danish: persisk (da) Dutch: Perzisch (nl) Finnish: persialainen (fi) German: persisch (de) Greek: περσικός (el) m (persikós) Hawaiian: Pelekia Hungarian: perzsa (hu) Italian: persiano (it) Japanese: (please verify) ペルシア人の (Perushia-jin no) Latin: persicus (la) m Polish: perski (pl) Portuguese: persa (pt), pérsico (pt) Russian: перси́дский (ru) (persídskij)

of or pertaining to the Persian language

Afrikaans: Persies (af) Armenian: պարսկերենի (parskereni) Catalan: persa (ca) m or f Chinese: Mandarin: 波斯語的／波斯语的 (Bōsīyǔ de) Danish: persisk (da) Dutch: Perzisch (nl) Finnish: persialainen (fi), persiankielinen Georgian: სპარსული (ka) (sṗarsuli) German: persisch (de) Greek: περσικός (el) m (persikós) Hawaiian: Pelekia Hungarian: perzsa (hu), újperzsa, fárszi (hu) Italian: persiano (it) Japanese: (please verify) ペルシア語の (ja) (Perushia-go no) Kurdish: Central Kurdish: فارسی‎ (ku) (farsî) Northern Kurdish: farisî (ku) Persian: فارسی‎ (fa) (fârsi), پارسی‎ (fa) (pârsi) Polish: perski (pl) m Portuguese: persa (pt), pérsico (pt) Russian: перси́дский (ru) (persídskij) Urdu: فارسی‎ (ur) f (fārsī), پارسی‎ f (pārsī)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Azerbaijani: (please verify) fars (az) Bulgarian: (please verify) перси́йски m pl (persíjski) Esperanto: (please verify) persa (eo) French: (please verify) persan (fr) Norwegian: (please verify) persisk (no) Slovak: (please verify) perzský Spanish: (please verify) persa (es) Swedish: (please verify) persisk (sv), (please verify) persiska (sv) Tatar: (please verify) фарси (farsi) Turkish: (please verify) Farslı

Further reading

• English–Persian and Persian–English dictionary
• ISO 639-1 code fa, ISO 639-3 code fas (SIL)
• Ethnologue entry for Persian, fas ⁠, a language family including:

• Ethnologue entry for Western Farsi, pes ⁠
• Ethnologue entry for Dari, prs ⁠

Etymology 2

Persius +‎ -ian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpɜː(ɹ)si.ən/, /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/
• Homophone: Persean

Adjective

Persian (comparative more Persian, superlative most Persian)

1. Of or pertaining to Persius (Roman writer)
   • 1998, Stephen Hinds, Allusion and Intertext: Dynamics of Appropriation in Roman Poetry:

     ...as it seems from an Ovidian or Persian standpoint and also, perhaps, from the comic standpoints of Plautus or Caecilius...

Anagrams

• arpines, asperin, paniers, prasine, rapines, saprine, separin

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Finnish

Noun

Persian

1. genitive singular of Persia

Anagrams

• parisen, parsien, rapisen