perhubungan
Indonesian
Etymology
Affixed per- + hubung + -an, from Malay perhubungan.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [pərhuˈbʊŋan]
- Hyphenation: pêr‧hu‧bung‧an
Noun
pêrhubungan (plural perhubungan-perhubungan, first-person possessive perhubunganku, second-person possessive perhubunganmu, third-person possessive perhubungannya)
- connection, relation.
- Synonyms: koneksi, hubungan, relasi
- transportation: the act of transporting, or the state of being transported; conveyance, often of people, goods etc.
- Synonyms: angkutan, pengangkutan, transportasi
- communication
- Synonym: komunikasi
Usage notes
The word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore usage can be seen in Malay perhubungan.
- In Indonesia, the prevailing meaning of perhubungan is about transportation.
- In Singapore, the prevailing meaning of perhubungan is about communication.
- In Brunei, the prevailing meaning of perhubungan is about both transportation and communication.
Further reading
- “perhubungan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
Etymology
From per- + hubung + -an.
Noun
perhubungan (plural perhubungan-perhubungan, informal 1st possessive perhubunganku, 2nd possessive perhubunganmu, 3rd possessive perhubungannya)
- connection, relation.
- transportation: the act of transporting, or the state of being transported; conveyance, often of people, goods etc.
- communication
Usage notes
The word is part of false friends between Standard Malay and Indonesian due to shared etymology. The Indonesian usage can be seen in Indonesian perhubungan.
- In Indonesia, the prevailing meaning of perhubungan is about transportation.
- In Singapore, the prevailing meaning of perhubungan is about communication.
- In Brunei, the prevailing meaning of perhubungan is about both transportation and communication.
Descendants
- Indonesian: perhubungan
Further reading
- “perhubungan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.