perficio
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *perifakjō. Equivalent to per- (“through, along; during”) + faciō (“do, make”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /perˈfi.ki.oː/, [pɛrˈfɪkioː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /perˈfi.t͡ʃi.o/, [perˈfiːt͡ʃio]
Verb
perficiō (present infinitive perficere, perfect active perfēcī, supine perfectum); third conjugation iō-variant
- I finish, complete.
- Synonyms: perpetrō, dēfungor, cōnficiō, agō, cumulō, absolvō, inclūdō, claudō, conclūdō, condō, expleō, fungor, peragō, efficiō, patrō, nāvō, exsequor, trānsigō, gerō, prōflīgō, perferō, persolvō, exhauriō
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 26.1:
- Prorogatum et M. Marcello, ut pro consule in Sicilia reliqua belli perficeret eo exercitu quem haberet: […]
- And the military command of Marcus Marcellus was also extended, so that he could finish the rest of the war in Sicily as proconsul with his army which he held […]
- Prorogatum et M. Marcello, ut pro consule in Sicilia reliqua belli perficeret eo exercitu quem haberet: […]
- I perfect.
- I carry out, execute, perform.
- I achieve, accomplish
- (by extension) I bring about, cause, effect.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of perficiō (third conjugation iō-variant) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | perficiō | perficis | perficit | perficimus | perficitis | perficiunt |
| imperfect | perficiēbam | perficiēbās | perficiēbat | perficiēbāmus | perficiēbātis | perficiēbant | |
| future | perficiam | perficiēs | perficiet | perficiēmus | perficiētis | perficient | |
| perfect | perfēcī | perfēcistī | perfēcit | perfēcimus | perfēcistis | perfēcērunt, perfēcēre | |
| pluperfect | perfēceram | perfēcerās | perfēcerat | perfēcerāmus | perfēcerātis | perfēcerant | |
| future perfect | perfēcerō | perfēceris | perfēcerit | perfēcerimus | perfēceritis | perfēcerint | |
| passive | present | perficior | perficeris, perficere | perficitur | perficimur | perficiminī | perficiuntur |
| imperfect | perficiēbar | perficiēbāris, perficiēbāre | perficiēbātur | perficiēbāmur | perficiēbāminī | perficiēbantur | |
| future | perficiar | perficiēris, perficiēre | perficiētur | perficiēmur | perficiēminī | perficientur | |
| perfect | perfectus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | perfectus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | perfectus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | perficiam | perficiās | perficiat | perficiāmus | perficiātis | perficiant |
| imperfect | perficerem | perficerēs | perficeret | perficerēmus | perficerētis | perficerent | |
| perfect | perfēcerim | perfēcerīs | perfēcerit | perfēcerīmus | perfēcerītis | perfēcerint | |
| pluperfect | perfēcissem | perfēcissēs | perfēcisset | perfēcissēmus | perfēcissētis | perfēcissent | |
| passive | present | perficiar | perficiāris, perficiāre | perficiātur | perficiāmur | perficiāminī | perficiantur |
| imperfect | perficerer | perficerēris, perficerēre | perficerētur | perficerēmur | perficerēminī | perficerentur | |
| perfect | perfectus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | perfectus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | perfice | — | — | perficite | — |
| future | — | perficitō | perficitō | — | perficitōte | perficiuntō | |
| passive | present | — | perficere | — | — | perficiminī | — |
| future | — | perficitor | perficitor | — | — | perficiuntor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | perficere | perfēcisse | perfectūrum esse | perficī | perfectum esse | perfectum īrī | |
| participles | perficiēns | — | perfectūrus | — | perfectus | perficiendus, perficiundus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| perficiendī | perficiendō | perficiendum | perficiendō | perfectum | perfectū | ||
Derived terms
- perficus
- perfectus
Related terms
- afficiō
- cōnficiō
- dēficiō
- efficiō
- faciō
- īnficiō
- interficiō
- officiō
- praeficiō
- prōficiō
- reficiō
- sufficiō
Descendants
- Asturian: perfacer
- French: parfaire
- Italian: perfare
- Portuguese: perfazer
- → English: perfect
References
- “perficio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “perficio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- perficio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to bring to the highest perfection: perficere et absolvere
- to terminate a war (by force of arms and defeat of one's opponents): bellum conficere, perficere
- to bring to the highest perfection: perficere et absolvere
- perficio in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016