perestroika

See also: Perestroika and perestroïka

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka, “restructuring”).

Pronunciation

(US) IPA^(key): /pɛɹ.ɪˈstɹɔi.kə/
Audio (original Russian) (file)

Noun

perestroika (countable and uncountable, plural perestroikas)

(historical, uncountable) A program of political and economic reform carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev.
- 2004: Chris Wallace, Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage
  Gorbachev would introduce glasnost (openness and freedom) and perestroika (economic restructuring) to Russia under his tenure, ultimately freeing thousands of political prisoners and dissidents and trying to address the shortages in food and goods that had become the hallmarks of the failing Soviet economy.
(historical, uncountable) The period of time in the Soviet Union during which these reforms were carried out and in effect.
(countable, singularity theory) A situation where a small variation of parameters leads to a sudden change in properties.

Derived terms

antiperestroika
Perestroikan
Salinastroika

Translations

reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s

Arabic: بِيرِيسْتْرُويْكَا‎ f (bīrīstrūykā)
Armenian: պերեստրոյկա (perestroyka)
Belarusian: перабудо́ва f (pjerabudóva)
Bulgarian: перестро́йка f (perestrójka)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 經濟改革／经济改革 (zh) (jīngjì gǎigé)
Czech: přestavba f, perestrojka (cs) f
Danish: perestrojka
Dutch: perestrojka (nl)
Erzya: одстеема (odstejema)
Esperanto: perestrojko
Estonian: perestroika (et)
Finnish: perestroika (fi) (of the Soviet Union), uudelleenrakentaminen (more general term)
French: perestroïka (fr) f
Georgian: პერესტროიკა (ṗeresṭroiḳa), გარდაქმნა (gardakmna)
German: Perestroika (de) f, Umbau (de) m, Umgestaltung (de) f
Greek: περεστρόικα (el) (perestróika)
Hebrew: פֶּרֶסְטְרוֹיְקָה‎ f (perestroika)
Hindi: पेरेस्ट्रोइका (peresṭroikā)
Hungarian: peresztrojka (hu)
Ido: perestroika
Indonesian: perestroika (id)
Italian: perestroika (it) f
Japanese: ペレストロイカ (ja) (peresutoroika)
Kazakh: қайта құру (qaita qūru)
Korean: 페레스트로이카 (pereseuteuroika)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: perestroyka (ku) f
Latvian: perestroika f
Lithuanian: perestroika f
Luxembourgish: Perestroika
Macedonian: ^{(please verify)} перестро́јка f (perestrójka)
Malay: perestroika
Mongolian: перестройка (perestrojka)
Norwegian: perestrojka
Persian: پرسترویکا‎ (perestroykâ)
Polish: pieriestrojka (pl) f, pierestrojka (pl) f
Portuguese: perestroika (pt) f
Romanian: perestroika f
Russian: перестро́йка (ru) f (perestrójka)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: перестро̑јка f, престројка f
Roman: perestrȏjka (sh) f, prestrojka f
Slovak: prestavba f, perestrojka f
Slovene: perestrojka f
Spanish: perestroika (es) f
Swedish: perestrojka
Tagalog: perestrojka
Thai: การปรับเปลี่ยนโครงสร้าง (gaan bpràp bplìan kroong sâang)
Turkish: perestroyka
Ukrainian: перебудо́ва f (perebudóva)
Vietnamese: perestroika (vi)
Yiddish: פּערעסטרויקע‎ f (perestroyke)

Finnish

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian перестро́йка (perestrójka).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈperestroi̯kɑ/, [ˈpe̞re̞s̠t̪ˌro̞i̯kɑ]
Rhymes: -oikɑ
Syllabification^(key): pe‧rest‧roi‧ka

Noun

perestroika

(historical) perestroika

Declension

Inflection of perestroika (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		perestroika	perestroikat
genitive		perestroikan	perestroikien
partitive		perestroikaa	perestroikia
illative		perestroikaan	perestroikiin
		singular	plural
nominative		perestroika	perestroikat
accusative	nom.	perestroika	perestroikat
accusative	gen.	perestroikan	perestroikat
genitive		perestroikan	perestroikien perestroikain^rare
partitive		perestroikaa	perestroikia
inessive		perestroikassa	perestroikissa
elative		perestroikasta	perestroikista
illative		perestroikaan	perestroikiin
adessive		perestroikalla	perestroikilla
ablative		perestroikalta	perestroikilta
allative		perestroikalle	perestroikille
essive		perestroikana	perestroikina
translative		perestroikaksi	perestroikiksi
instructive		—	perestroikin
abessive		perestroikatta	perestroikitta
comitative		—	perestroikineen

Possessive forms of perestroika (type koira)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	perestroikani	perestroikamme
2nd person	perestroikasi	perestroikanne
3rd person	perestroikansa

Portuguese

Noun

perestroika f (plural perestroikas)

perestroika (reform in the Soviet Union in 1980s)