perdo

See also: perdó

Catalan

Verb

perdo

first-person singular present indicative form of perdre

Esperanto

Etymology

perdi +‎ -o

Pronunciation

Audio (file)

Noun

perdo (accusative singular perdon, plural perdoj, accusative plural perdojn)

loss

Galician

Verb

perdo

first-person singular present indicative of perder

Italian

Verb

perdo

first-person singular present indicative of perdere

Anagrams

predo, predò, prode

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *peridō. Equivalent to per- +‎ *-dō (Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-).

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈper.doː/, [ˈpɛrd̪oː]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈper.do/, [ˈpɛrd̪o]

Verb

perdō (present infinitive perdere, perfect active perdidī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem (Classical)
perdō (present infinitive perdere, perfect active perdidī, supine perditum); third conjugation (post-Classical)

I destroy, ruin, wreck.
Synonyms: dēstruō, ruīnō, occīdō, dēvāstō, ēvāstō, vāstō, tollō, dīruō, aboleō, exscindō, accīdō, populor, interimō, impellō, sepeliō, absūmō, perimō, trucīdō
Antonyms: ēmendō, reficiō, reparō, corrigō, medeor
I waste, squander.
Synonyms: abūtor, conterō, cōnsūmō, dissipō, effundō
- Suetonius writing of Titus
  Atque etiam recordatus quondam super cenam, quod nihil cuiquam toto die praestitisset, memorabilem illam meritoque laudatam vocem edidit: "Amici, diem perdidi".
  One evening at dinner, realizing that he had done nobody any favour throughout the entire day, he spoke these memorable words: "Friends, I have wasted a day".
- 8 CE – 12 CE, Ovid, Tristia 1.2.13:
  verba miser frūstrā nōn prōficientia perdō.
  Wretched [as I am], vainly I waste words, making no progress.
I have no more, I am deprived of
Synonyms: dēsum, egeō, indigeō, careō, dēlinquō, deficiō, cessō
Antonyms: flōreō, abundō, affluō, niteō
I lose utterly, suffer loss.
Synonym: āmittō

Usage notes

Speakers of Classical Latin typically avoided the passive forms of this verb, using pereō instead.

Conjugation

Classical Latin conjugation, without passive forms (note the alternative present subjunctive, especially common in Plautus):

Conjugation of perdō (third conjugation, no supine stem, active only)
indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	perdō	perdis	perdit	perdimus	perditis	perdunt
	imperfect	perdēbam	perdēbās	perdēbat	perdēbāmus	perdēbātis	perdēbant
	future	perdam	perdēs	perdet	perdēmus	perdētis	perdent
	perfect	perdidī	perdidistī	perdidit	perdidimus	perdidistis	perdidērunt, perdidēre
	pluperfect	perdideram	perdiderās	perdiderat	perdiderāmus	perdiderātis	perdiderant
	future perfect	perdiderō	perdideris	perdiderit	perdiderimus	perdideritis	perdiderint
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	perdam, perduim	perdās, perduīs	perdat, perduit	perdāmus	perdātis	perdant, perduint
	imperfect	perderem	perderēs	perderet	perderēmus	perderētis	perderent
	perfect	perdiderim	perdiderīs	perdiderit	perdiderīmus	perdiderītis	perdiderint
	pluperfect	perdidissem	perdidissēs	perdidisset	perdidissēmus	perdidissētis	perdidissent
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	perde	—	—	perdite	—
active	future	—	perditō	perditō	—	perditōte	perduntō
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		perdere	perdidisse	—	—	—	—
participles		perdēns	—	—	—	—	—
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		perdendī	perdendō	perdendum	perdendō	—	—

Complete conjugation, in later Latin:

Conjugation of perdō (third conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	perdō	perdis	perdit	perdimus	perditis	perdunt
	imperfect	perdēbam	perdēbās	perdēbat	perdēbāmus	perdēbātis	perdēbant
	future	perdam	perdēs	perdet	perdēmus	perdētis	perdent
	perfect	perdidī	perdidistī	perdidit	perdidimus	perdidistis	perdidērunt, perdidēre
	pluperfect	perdideram	perdiderās	perdiderat	perdiderāmus	perdiderātis	perdiderant
	future perfect	perdiderō	perdideris	perdiderit	perdiderimus	perdideritis	perdiderint
passive	present	perdor	perderis, perdere	perditur	perdimur	perdiminī	perduntur
	imperfect	perdēbar	perdēbāris, perdēbāre	perdēbātur	perdēbāmur	perdēbāminī	perdēbantur
	future	perdar	perdēris, perdēre	perdētur	perdēmur	perdēminī	perdentur
	perfect	perditus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	perditus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	perditus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	perdam	perdās	perdat	perdāmus	perdātis	perdant
	imperfect	perderem	perderēs	perderet	perderēmus	perderētis	perderent
	perfect	perdiderim	perdiderīs	perdiderit	perdiderīmus	perdiderītis	perdiderint
	pluperfect	perdidissem	perdidissēs	perdidisset	perdidissēmus	perdidissētis	perdidissent
passive	present	perdar	perdāris, perdāre	perdātur	perdāmur	perdāminī	perdantur
	imperfect	perderer	perderēris, perderēre	perderētur	perderēmur	perderēminī	perderentur
	perfect	perditus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	perditus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	perde	—	—	perdite	—
active	future	—	perditō	perditō	—	perditōte	perduntō
passive	present	—	perdere	—	—	perdiminī	—
passive	future	—	perditor	perditor	—	—	perduntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		perdere	perdidisse	perditūrum esse	perdī	perditum esse	perditum īrī
participles		perdēns	—	perditūrus	—	perditus	perdendus, perdundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		perdendī	perdendō	perdendum	perdendō	perditum	perditū

Coordinate terms

pereō

Derived terms

experdō
dēperdō
disperdō
perditē
perditiō
perditor
perditus
reperdō

Related terms

abdō
addō
condō
dēdō
dīdō
dō
ēdō
indō
prōdō
reddō
subdō
trādō

Descendants

Aragonese: perder
Aromanian: cherdu, chiardiri
Asturian: perder
Catalan: perdre
Corsican: perde, perda
Dalmatian: piardro
English: perdition
Extremaduran: perdel
Franco-Provençal: pèrdre
French: perdre
Friulian: pierdi
Galician: perder
Gallurese: paldì
Istro-Romanian: pľerde
Italian: perdere
Ladin: perde, perder
Leonese: perdere
Ligurian: pèrde
Middle French: perdre
Mirandese: perder
Navarro-Aragonese: perder
Norman: perde (Guernsey), pèrdre (Jersey)
Occitan: pèrder, pèrdre
Old French: perdre
Old Portuguese: perder
Old Spanish: perder
Picard: perde
Piedmontese: perde
Portuguese: perder
Romanian: pierde, pierdere
Romansch: perder, piarder, pearder
Sardinian: peldere, peldiri, perdere, perdiri
Sassarese: pirdhì
Sicilian: pèrdiri
Spanish: perder
Venetian: pèrdar
Walloon: piede

References

“perdo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“perdo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
perdo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
perdo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2023) Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- amongst such moral depravity: tam perditis or corruptis moribus
- (ambiguous) to lose no time: tempus non amittere, perdere
- (ambiguous) to bring a man to ruin; to destroy: aliquem affligere, perdere, pessumdare, in praeceps dare
- (ambiguous) to lose one's labour: operam (et oleum) perdere or frustra consumere
- (ambiguous) to lose hope: spem perdere
- (ambiguous) to lose one's case: causam or litem amittere, perdere